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84 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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what is the meaning of the different numbers contained in the formulas for hand instruments with 3 numbers
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1st: width of the blade measured in tenths of mm, 2: length of the blade measured in mm, 3: angle of blade to the long axis of the handle measured in centigrade degrees
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what is the meaning of the different numbers contained in the formulas for hand instruments with 4 numbers
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1st: width of blade measured in tenths of mm, 2: angle of the cutting edge to the long axis of the handle measured in centigrade degrees, 3: length of the blade measured in mm, 4: angle of the blade to the long axis of the handle in degrees centigrade
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what numbers indicate a round bur
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1/16th to 10
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what numbers indicate an inverted cone bur
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33.5 to 39
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what numbers would indicate a straight fissure bur
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55 to 61
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what numbers would indicate a tapered fissure bur
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168 to 173
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what numbers would indicate a pear bur
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229 to 333
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what numbers would indicate a cross-cut straight fissure bur
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556 to 560
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what numbers would indicate a cross-cut tapered fissure bur
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699 to 703
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what does an L following a bur number indicate
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long cutting edge
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what are the 7 steps of cavity preparation in order
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outline, resistance, retention, convenience, removal of remaining caries, finish enamel walls and margins, prepare toilet of cavity
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what is the rubber dame of choice for laboratory and for most clinical operative procedures
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dark, extra heavy, pre-cut 6x6 squares
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describe proper rubber dame isolation for anterior teeth
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all anterior teeth and the first premolars on both sides of the dental arch
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describe proper rubber dam isolation for a posterior tooth
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appropraite quadrant from the opposite central incisor to at least one tooth distal to the tooth being treated
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holes for central incisors should be punched where from the border of the rubber dam for maxillary and mandibular teeth
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maxillary: one inch from the superior border, mandibular: one or two inches from the inferior border
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what is the W2 clamp used for
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maxillary or mandibular premolars
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what is the W3 clamp used for
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small, normally erupted molars
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what is the W7 clamp used for
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normally erupted mandibular molars
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what is the W8 clamp used for
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normally erupted maxillary molars
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what is the W14A clamp used for
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for partially erupted maxillary or mandibular molars
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what is the W8A clamp used for
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for molars too small for the W14A clamp
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what does W indicate for a clamp
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indicates the clamp is wingless
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what does A indicate for a clamp
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a clamp that has the point on the jaws of the clamp angled toward the APEX of the tooth. used when the height of contour of the tooth is at or below the gingiva
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wht is the 212 clamp used for
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for maxillary and mandibular anteriors and premolars when gingival retraction is required
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what is used to stabalize the 212 clamp
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dental compound
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how long is enamel and dentin conditioned with acid during acid etching
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15 seconds
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what type of acid is used in acid etch
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32% phosphoric acid
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what must be done after application of acid for 15 seconds during acid etching
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rinse tooth for 15 seconds, dry tooth, and remoisten with gluma desensitizer
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what is the purpose of remoistening a tooth with Gluma
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fluffs the collagen, making it easier for the resin to penetrate this layer, it contains acetone which chases away the water, and it seals the dentinal tubules
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if the tubules of dentin are not sealed sufficiently, fluid flow will be permitted within the dentinal tubules, resulting in post-operative sensitivity. this is the basis for what theory
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hydrodynamic theory of dentin sensitivity
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the strength of the bond between comosite and tooth structure is what
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mechanical not chemical
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when would a direct pulp-capping procedure be appropriate
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if the size of the pulp exposure is small (pin point)
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describe the method of a direct pulp-capping procedure
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CaOH is placed at the site of exposure to stimulate the formation of reparative dentin. glass ionomer is then placed over the calcium hydroxide to provide a good seal.
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what is the most important predictor of success of a pulp being able to heal itself from a pulp exposure
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the elimination of bacteria from the site of pulpal exposure
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why is ZOE not able to be used for pulp-capping procedures
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eugenol is irritating to the pulp and can even cause pulpal necrosis
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the majority of amalgam failures is due to what
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inadequate cavity preparation
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initial process of caries removal occurs during what stage of cavity preparation
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establishment of the outline form
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once outline form is established remaining caries is removed how
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utilizing spoon excavators or large round burs (the largest round bur that can fit into the cavity )
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threaded pins should be inserted to what depth in what tooth tissue
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2 mm into dentin for each junction of 2 missing walls. specifically, it is placed at a distance halfway between the pulp and the DEJ in a direction that is parallel to the adjacent external contour of the tooth
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retentive pins serve to reinforce the restoration T/F
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false: they actually retain, not strengthen, large restorations placed in badly broken down teeth
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what is/are the function(s) of the tofflemeyer band
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provision of temporary wall of resistance to the pressure necessary for amalgam insertion, provision of shape and contour to the restoration, and maintenance of form during placement and set of the amalgam
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what is the function of a wedge when used with a tofflemeyer band
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adapts the matrix band to the gingival wall of the cavity prep and provides minimal separation of the teeth to compensate for matrix band thickness
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what is the main function of a mylar strip when placing a composite resin
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to serve as a protective barrier when placing and curing resin to prevent the cementation of adjacent teeth and to be used to help create the initial form of a composite restoration by adapting the strip to the contour of the remaining tooth
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what is young's modulus of elasticity
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refers tot he measure of the stiffness of a material. it is determined by the ratio of stress applied to a material versus deformation of the material caused by the stress
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what is fortify
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the surface finish that is used on posterior composites
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what is C (configuration) factor
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the ratio of the restoration's bonded surface area to unbonded area, or the ratio of the number of bonded walls to the number of unbonded walls
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a greater C Factor indicates what
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a greater internal stress within the restoration
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Class 1 and box-shaped class 5 restorations have what C factor value
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5
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what are the 3 main components of resin composites
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inorganic filler material, resin matrix, and coupling agent
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what components are in the inorganic filler of resin composites and what the filler materials function in the resin composite
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glass beads, quartz, silicate glass and barium. these render the composite radiopaque when viewed on a radiograph
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what is the most common resin matrix used in dental composites
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BIS-GMA
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what is the purpose of the coupling agent in resin composites
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helps to bind the filer particles to the resin matrix
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what class of resin composite is defined as any composite material which is filled 75% by weight or greater
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large particle macrofilled
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large particle macrofilled composites have particles that have what size range
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8-10 microns to 50 microns
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describe the physical character of large particle macrofilled composites
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high fracture resistance, but non-polishable because particles are so large
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what is the main use for large particle macrofilled resin composites
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highly demandng stress-bearing areas where esthetics is not a major concern (posterior composites)
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what class of resin composite is defined as materials that are loaded up to 66% by weight and contain extremely small particles of colloidal or fumed silica which are .04 microns in size
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microfilled resin composite
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what is the main use for microfilled resin composites
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anterior composites ebecause they are able to polished to a very high luster but because of the low filler level the material is less resistant to fracture and should not be used in stress-bearing areas
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what class of resin composite is heavily loaded with a particle size of about 1 to 5 microns, which have strength and can be used in areas where fracture resistance is a consideration. while the finish is not as smooth as some it can be finished to a very smooth surface
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small particle macrofilled
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what class of resin composite combines the best features of both the macrofilled and microfilled composites, because it has both microfiller particles (.04 microns) and macrofiller particles (5 microns or less)
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hybrids
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describe the physical character of hybrid composites
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have a high degree of fracture resistance in stress-bearing situation and are more polishable than small particle macrofills, but less than microfills
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most composites absorb light at what wavelength
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about 470 nm
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the Ultra-Lume 5 LED curing light produces high intensity light in what spectrum range
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375 to 500 nm
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the light produced by the Ultra-Lume LED is damaging to the retin of the eye if looked at directly T/F
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true
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what type of composite resin is TPH
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highly filled hybrid composite material
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prisma TPH has a filler particle loading of what % weight
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77.5 %
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what is the matrix for prisma TPH
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urethane dimethacrylate modified BIS-GMA
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what is the average particle size for prisma TPH
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.8 microns
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what type of wear is caused by wear of tooth structure through frictional forces
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abrasion
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what type of wear is caused by wearing away of tooth substance or restoration as a result of tooth to tooth contact
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attrition
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what is the loss of tooth structure through chemical means, primarily acid dissolution
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erosion
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what is the loss of tooth structure due to flexure of the tooth and ultimate fatigue of the enamel and dentin at a location away from the point of loading
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abfraction
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what are the indications for the use of composite in posterior teeth
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esthetics is of primary importance, pt has a known and demonstrated sensitivity to mercury, incipient class I and class II lesions in young pts where very conservative cavity preparations can be made, class I and II lesions in deciduous dentition, restoring abutment teeth where resin-bonded retainers will be used
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what are the contraindications for composites in posterior teeth
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large restorations with heavy occlusion, in pts with high caries rates, when there are signs of excessive wear, when the buccolingual width cannot be kept to a minimum, when cusp replacement is involved, and when adequate moisture is not possible
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beveling in enamel is done when placing a composite restoration for what 2 reasons
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1. to increase the number of enamel rods being exposed to the resin, which works to strengthen the bond. 2. creates a smoother, more esthetic restoration
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what is the purpose of the reverse S curve in class 2 cavity preparations
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to increase the bulk of metal of the prep, increasing the resistance of the prep
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what percentage of the population reports an allergic reaction to natural latex
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3-4 % of the population
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what is the definition of iatrogenic
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any undesirable condition in a pt occurring as a result of tx by a health care professional
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what is the content of dispersalloy
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50% mercury and 50% alloy
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what is the composition of the alloy portion of dispersalloy
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69.3 % silver, 17.9% tin, 11.8% copper, and 1% zinc
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what is the composition of enamel
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95% inorganic mostly hydroxyapatite, 1-2% organic mostly the protein components amelogin and enamelin, and 3-4% water
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what is the composition of dentin
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70% inorganic-mostly calcium hydroxyapatite, 20% organic-mostly collagen (type 1), and 10% water
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what is the most common complaint from bleaching or whitening
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tooth sensitivity
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how are tooth sensitivity problems countered in bleaching or whitening
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3% potassium nitrate
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