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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Combustion in alkanes yields
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CO2 and H2O
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Halogenation of alkanes yields
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Carbon with the halogen and hyrdogen with the extra halogen
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In an addition reaction with alkenes or alkynes you...
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Break down the double or triple bond
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In an elimination reaction you...
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Put the double or triple bond back in.
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In a substitution reaction like
AB + C yields... |
AC + B
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Rearrangement reaction yields...
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An isomer of the reactant
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Hydrogenation of an alkene or alkyne yields...
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Hydrogen is used to form an alkane however, with alkynes you need more moles of hydrogen to break the triple bond.
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Halogenation of alkenes use what reactant and yield what?
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Use Br2 or Cl2 and yield a Dibromo or Dichloro alkane!
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Hydrohalogenation of alkenes uses what reactant and yields what?
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Uses HCl or HBr to yield an alkyl halide.
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Hydration of an alkene uses what reactant and yields what?
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An alcohol...HOWEVER...need to use MARKOVNIKOV'S rule to decide where the OH group bonds and where the H bonds.
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Markovnikov's rule is...
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The OH group bonds to the carbon with the lesser hydrogens bonded to it, and the hydrogen bonds to the carbon with the most hyrdrogens on it.
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The nitration reaction of a benzene uses what reactant and yields what?
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Uses NO3H and yields a nitro(NO2)benzene and water.
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Halogenation of a benzene uses what reactant and yields what?
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Uses a Cl2 or something like that and yields a Chlorobenzene(X-) and HCl(only in the case of Cl2)
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Sulfonation of benzenes use what reactant and yield what?
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Uses SO3 and yields a Benzene sulfonic acid with a SO3H bonded to the ring.
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Dehydration of an alcohol uses what reactant/catalyst and yields what?
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Uses H2SO4 and yields and alkene and water. Put double bond on the adjacent carbon with more hydrogens on it!
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Oxidation of alcohols uses what reactant/catalyst to yield what if its a primary, a primary with excess, and a secondary?
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Uses an oxidizing agent [O]. A primary alcohol yields an aldehyde. A secondary alcohol yields a ketone. A primary alcohol with excess [O] yields a carboxylic acid.
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Benzenes do NOT react with?
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H2 with Pd, Br2, HCl, and H3O+.
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A phenol is..
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A benzene with a hydroxy group branched off it.
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A toluene is...
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A benzene with a methyl group branching off it.
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A analine is...
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A benzene with NH2 branching off it.
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Para-Xylene is...
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A Benzene with two methyl groups in the 1,4 positions.
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A Benzoic acid is...
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A benzene with a carboxylic acid branching off it.
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Benzaldehyde is...
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A benzene with an aldehyde group branching off it.
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Properties of alkenes...
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Nonpolar; insoluble in water
flammable;non-toxic cis-trans isomerism chemically reactive |
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Properties of alkanes...
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Odorless
Nonpolar;insoluble in water Less dense than water Flammable Not very reactive |
