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17 Cards in this Set

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Catalyst
A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without itself being used up in the course of the chemical reaction.
Enyzme
A protein-based catalyst.
Amino acids
The subunits that combine in linear chains to make up polypeptides.
Polypeptides
Linear chains of amino acids that singly or in multiples of two or more form into proteins.
Protein
A structure consisting of one or more properly folded polypeptides as well as additional substances.
Active site
The location within a protein that binds specifically to a substrate and where catalysis is effected.
Substrate
The substance that is acted upon by an enzyme as the enzyme effects catalysis.
Product
The substance that is produced by a chemical reaction.
Allosteric inhibition
Negative control (inhibition) of enzyme function that involves binding of an inhibitor substance to a location on the enzyme other than the active site.
Macromolecule
Polypeptides, polynucleic acids (DNA or RNA), polysaccharides, and lipids as produced by biological systems.
hydrolysis
The chemical separation of the subunits making up a macromolecule via the addition of a water molecule.
Monosaccharide
A sugar consisting of one subunit.
Disaccharide
A sugar consisting of two subunits.
Pipid
A relatively large biological molecule that mostly does not dissolve in water.
starch
Water-soluble carbohydrate polymers that serve as storage molecules for glucose.
Cellulose
Glucose polymers that serve as structural molecules in green plants and certain algae.
Sugar
A carbohydrate that consists of one or two subunits.