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33 Cards in this Set

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Rhinitis (3 Types)
Infectious

Allergic

Chronic
Infectious Rhinitis
Various viruses cause it.

Nasal cavity and mucosa swells with blood/lymph

Secondary infections create MUCOPURULENT DISCHARGE
Allergic Rhinitis
TYPE I HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTION (IgE)

Mucosal edema, redness, and secretion

Nasal polyps and conjunctivitis may occur as well
Chronic Rhinitis
REPEATED attacks of acute rhinitis with bacterial infection

Often ulcerated and infiltrated by NEUTROPHILS even though it is a chronic condition
Sinusitis (2 Types)
Acute

Chronic
Acute Sinusitis
FOLLOWS RHINITIS or a periapical infection

MUCOCELE - Caused by maxillary ostium blockage
Chronic Sinusitis
Often a FUNGAL cause

Look for EOSINOPHILS

KARTAGENER'S SYNDROME - defective ciliary action
Pharyngitis and Tonsillitis
VIRAL cause

Secondary infections are usually STAPH or STREP

Strep throat may cause RHEUMATIC FEVER and GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

No increase in Hodgkin lymphoma
Nasal Glioma
Non-neoplastic, heterotopic CNS tissue

Variant of Encephalocele
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
EPSTEIN-BARR Virus

MOST COMMON NASOPHARYNX CANCER

MOST FREQUENT MALIGNANT TUMOR IN CHINESE

Can be 3 types:
KERATINIZING
NONKERATINIZING
ANAPLASTIC
Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma
TEENAGE BOYS ONLY!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Very vascular, leads to NOSEBLEEDS
Sinonasal Papillomas
Usually HPV related

Masses in nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses

Three types:
Septal
Inverted
Cylindrical (oncocytic)
Olfactory Neuroblastoma
a.k.a. ESTHESIONEUROBLASTOMA

Highly malignant tumor of NEUROENDOCRINE origin

Shows in the OLFACTORY MUCOSA

Small, round, blue cell tumor with rosettes

Homer-Wright and Flexner-Wintersteiner Rosettes
Otitis Media
Middle ear and Mastoid

Starts virally, secondary bacterial infection creates the pus

Can perforate the eardrum
Cholesteatoma
Caused by EARDRUM PERFORATION

Reactive cystic lesions filled with keratin debris
Menieres Disease
Vertigo and Increased Migraines

May be related to water in the ear
Vertigo
Motion sickness while standing still
Tinnitus
High pitched Buzzing in the ear

Caused by some ORAL MEDS:
Aspirin
Quinidine (an anti-arrhytmia drug)
Tumors of the Ear
Rare except basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma of the pinna.

50% 5 year survival rate
1st Branchial cleft anomalies
1-8%

Near the ear/angle of the mandible

Mostly cysts, sometimes fistulas or sinuses
2nd Branchial Cleft Anomalies
92-99%

Cysts that present on the lateral neck.

Rarely malignant
Head and Neck Paragangliomas
Benign Neoplasm of extra-adrenal, neural crest derived paraganglia

60% are CAROTID BODY tumors

2 Types
Vagal Paragangliomas-OROPHARYNX
Jugulotympanic Paraganglioma-MIDDLE EAR TUMOR
Chalazion
A LARGE and LESS PAINFUL Stye
Stye
Blockage of a sebaceous eyelid gland.

VERY PAINFUL
Pink Eye
a.k.a. CONJUNCTIVITIS
Cataracts
Clouding of the lens

Causes:
Age
Diabetes
Commerial Airline Piloting
Necrotizing Lesions of the Nose and Upper Airways (4 Types)
Reactive lesions

Infectious

Immunologic

Neoplastic
Reactive Necrotizing Lesions
Cocaine Abuse

2nd After Marijuana

Blocks re-uptake of Epi, NE, and Dopamine

PALATAL PERFORATIONS
Infectious Necrotizing Lesions
Bacterial=SYPHILIS or TB

Fungal = Histoplasmosis, Coccidiodomycosis, Blastomycosis, Cryptococcosis:

Usually Oral Lesions and Mucoceles
Immunological Necrotizing Lesions
Wegner's Granulomatosis

"Strawberry spots" In the mouth (Dr. Summersgill's patient)

Palate perforations are not uncommon
Neoplastic Necrotizing Lesions
Angiocentric T-Cell Lymphoma

Destruction of blood vessels causes tissue necrosis?

Problems in the MIDLINE of the palate
Hamartoma
A malformation that presents as a mass of disorganized tissue indigenous (native) to the particular site
Choristoma
A “misnomer”. a congenital anomaly that is better described as a (Heterotopic rest) of cells