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156 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Loops work where?
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ascending loop of henle
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thiazides work where?
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D.C.T
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potassium sparing diruetics work where
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C.T.
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how does digoxin work
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it inhib Na/K ase and increases Na so less Ca is pumped out
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Which has a ceiling effect?
Loops or Thiazides |
Thiazides do, loops don't-more loop more diuresis
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potency
furosemide=torsemide=bumetanide |
f 40= t20=b1
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which loop for sulfa allergy pt, whats its strength
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edecrin ( ethacrynic acid)
25mg |
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loops decrease which elements?
thiazides decrease which |
loops-Na, K, Mg and Ca
thiazides-Na, K, Mg but NOT Ca***** -good for osteo pt's |
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lozol
gen name? doses fun facts |
indapamide-thiazide like
1.25, 2.5 longer acting tthan HCTX |
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hygroton
gen name? dose? fun fact |
chlorthalidone
25,50,100 longest of thiazide likes |
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zaroxolyn
gen name? dose? fun fact |
metolazone
2.5,5,10 mg good for dec GFR pt's |
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whats in dyazide
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triamterene + HCTZ
caps-37.5/25 |
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Aldactone
gen name HTN dose Cirrhosis dose |
spironolactone
HTN-25mg BID C-50 QID or > ald antag, K sparing-watch salt substitues |
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inspra
gen name? strength |
eplerenone 25 or 50 BID or QD
ald antag, but less gynecomastia |
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BB
BBW? |
don't abruptly dc meds-taper over 2 to 3 wks
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inderal
gen name? injection dose? solubility? |
propranolol-non selective
IV 1mg = 40mg PO highly lipophillic -good for EPS tx in antipsychotics |
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corgard
gen name? selectivity? eliminated how? |
nadolol
non selective renal elim. |
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visken
gen name? selectivity? hows it similar to acebutolol |
pindolol
non select BB and ISA less tiring like acebutolol, but ace is b1 selective |
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bystolic
gen name? selectivity? |
nevibolol-2.5,5,10
b1 selective-most selective BB 2 ways of lowering BP- inc NO prod and BB |
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lopressor
gen name? selectivity? |
metoprolol
b1 selective in low doses some lipophilicity can be broken in half IR=tart, SUCC=XL-25,50,100,200MG BID or qd |
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tenormin
gen name? selective? lipo? |
atenolol
b1 selective most HYDROphilic |
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coreg
gen name? selective? fun facts |
carvedilol
non selective B1 B2, and alpha1 blocker take with food-to dec orthostatis |
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conv of coreg BID to CR dosing
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3.125BID=10mgD
6.25BID=20mgD 12.5BID=40mgD 25BID=80mgD |
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digoxin
doses tabs and soln colors for each strength |
Yellow=125mcg
White=250mcg soln- 50mcg/ml |
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describe digoxin trophically ha
how to tx toxicity half life? |
+ ionotrope, - chronotrope
can't dialysis, too small-use digibind and digifab t1/2= 40h, so give LD, can skip missed doses |
|
aldomet
gen name? doses? hows it work? |
methyldopa
250, 500mg BID alpha2 agonist, decreases NA-like clonidine Beers List for HTN in preg-also hydralazine |
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coumadin colors
1mg= 2mg= 2.5mg= 3mg= 4mg= 5mg= 6mg= 7.5mg= 10mg= |
1=p1nk
2=lavEndEr 2.5=green 3-BROwn 4=BLUE 5=PEACH 6=teal 7.5=yellow 10=white |
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INR targets
what increases INR? what decreases INR? |
2 to 3
increase INR=CYP inhib=cimetidine, prozac dec INR=CYP inducers-st johns, phenyt, griseo |
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Nitrostat doses
Nitrolingual pumpspray |
SL tab- 0.3,0.4, 0.6mg
0.4mg/spray do NOT shake |
|
nitroglycerins
mg/grain equiv new guidelines |
0.4mg=1/150 gr
if 1st tx doesnt work, call 911 avoid tolerance-10-12 h free period |
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which nitrate is comm. abused
|
amyl nitrite aporoles- inhalant .3ml
in fridge |
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isordil dinitrate
seperate dosing by how long |
by 6 H
>18h nitrate free interval |
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isosorbide mononitrate
brand? older product named? what does BID mean |
monket
ISMO BID-7H apart |
|
imdur doses
what does a HA mean with nitrates? |
30,60,120 ER
most common isosorbide product its working, give tylenol |
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BiDil
|
isosorbid dinitrate and hydralazine
20mg iso and 37.5hydralazine adjunct for black ppl for HF |
|
aggrenox
gen and doses what is used to increase absorption? |
antithrombotic
dipyridamole 200mg ER + Aspirin 25mg tartaric acid is in also to increase absorption dipyrid alone is on beers list |
|
which KCL can be put in water, pill hard to swallow
|
K-Dur
Klor-Con is small to be swallowed |
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KCL
1mEq= K target range must never be given how? |
1mEQ=75mg
K= about 4 K should never be given IV BOLUS! |
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KCL liquid
10%= 20% |
10%=20mEQ/15ml
20%=40mEQ/15ml |
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CCB-pines
class effex, S.E |
not for rhtymic probs
peripheral vasodilator pedal edema, gingeval hyperplasia watch grapefruit juice intxn |
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procardia, adalat
gen name? doses procardia xl doses |
nifedipine
10,20 can be used for esophageal spasms, along with HTN and angina xl-30,60,90 |
|
norvasc
gen name doses |
amlodipine
long acting 2.5,5,10mg QD |
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Plendil
gen name? dose? |
felodipine long acting delayed release
2.5 5 10mg ONLY QD!!!!!!!!!!!! |
|
dynacirc
gen name? dose/max dose |
israpidine (dynamite in isreal)
@ 5 and 10pm -max of 20 explosions a day |
|
sular
gen name? doses |
ni-SOLD-ipine
8.5, 17, 25.5, 34mg-max is 34mgD |
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cardene
gen name? doses? |
nicardipine
30,45,60 BID |
|
Caduet
gens |
amlodipine + atorvastatin
CAD-duet for CAD 2.5/10, 2.5/20, 2.5/40 5/10, 5/20, 5/40, 5/80 10's " " " " |
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lotrel
gen name? |
amlodipine and benazepril
2.5-10 5-10, 5-20, 5-40 10-20, 10-40 |
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non-DHP CCB
what class of antiarrthymic |
IV
|
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Diltiazem
forms |
caps CD=24H -120, 180, 240, 300, 360, 420
caps do not = tabs closely related to verapamil -has less constipation |
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verelan or calan
gen name? which dose can be broken in half SE |
verapamil
reg-40,80,120 SR doses-120,180,240 SE-constipation-not by anticholinergic properties-from Ca blockade in gut |
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covera-HS
gen name? doses |
verapamil 180,240 @ bedtime
Cmax in morning like verelan PM 100,200,300QHS |
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ACE-I class properties
CHF doses? HTN doses? |
K sparing
decrease aldosterone release no for pregnancy-death in 2nd/3rd trimester bradykinin-cough, angioedema CHF -lower dose HTN-higher dose |
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capoten
gen name? dose? |
captopril-SHORTERST DURATION
12.5, 25, 50, 100 BID |
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vasotec
gen name? dose |
enalapril
2.5, 5, 10, 20 vaseretic-with HCTZ- 5/12.5 10/25 |
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altace
gen name? dose? |
ramipril in caps-can be open and sprinkled(fags)
1.25, 2.5, 5, 10mg |
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monopril
gen name? fun fact |
MoFo!
fosinopril 10, 20, 40 mg 50% Fecally eliminated-renal impairment |
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Prinivil, zestril
gen name? doses |
lisinopril
5,10,20,40mg |
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prinzide, zestoretic
doses |
lisinopril with HCTZ
10/12.5 20/12.5, 20/25 |
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lotensin
gen name doses? |
benazepril
5,10,20,40 |
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accupril
gen name? |
quinapril
5,10,20,40 |
|
accuretic
doses |
quin + HCTZ
10/12.5 20/12.5, 20/25 |
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aceon
gen name? doses? |
perindopril
2,4,8 2nd most potent |
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mavik
gen name? doses? |
trandolapril
1,2,4 most potent |
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Tarka
gen name doses? |
trandolapril with verapamil
1/240 2/180, 2/240 4/240 |
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univasc
gen name? doses |
moexipril
7.5 15mg |
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uniretic
doses |
moex + HCTZ
7.5/12.5 15/12.5, 15/25 |
|
ARBs MOA
SE |
block AT2 at AT1 receptor
less cough still not for preg |
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cozaar
gen name doses |
losartan
25,50,100 |
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hyzaar
gen doses |
losartan + HCTZ
50/12.5 100/12.5, 100/25 |
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diovan
gen name doses |
valsartan
40,80,160,320 |
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diovan with HCTZ dose
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80/12.5
160/12.5, 160/25 |
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exforge
gen dose |
amlodipine + valsartan- for HTN
5/160, 10/160, 5/320, 10/320 |
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avapro
gen name doses |
irbesartan- big doses like avalanche is big
75,150,300 |
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avalide
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irbesartan + HCTZ
|
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Atacand
doses |
candesartan-small like candy bar-small doses
4,8,16,32 |
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benicar
gen name doses |
olmesartan
5,20,40 |
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azor
gen name doses |
amlodipine + olmesartan
5/20, 5/40 10/20, 10/40 |
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tribenzor
gen name |
olmesartan, amlodipine, HCTZ
for uncontrolled HTN-not for initial HTN D/C if preg |
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Teveten
gen name? doses? |
eprosartan
400, 600mg |
|
teveten HCT
doses |
600/12.5
600/25 |
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micardis
gen name? doses |
telmisartan
20,40,80 |
|
tekturna
gen name doses MOA |
aliskiren
direct renin inhib 150, 300 under investigation |
|
catapres
gen name doses MOA |
clonidine
tabs- 0.1, 0.2, 0.3mg BID MAX-2.4mg/DAY moa-central A2 agonist, decreases NE + anticholinergic= its a heteroreceptor do NOT abruptly DC=rebound HTN |
|
catapres TTS doses
|
TTS 1= 0.1mg/day
2= 0.2mg/day 3= 0.3mg use only for 7 days, then take off and rotate next patch |
|
clonidine is similar to
|
tenex (guanfacine) 1 to 2 mg PO d
|
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hytrin gen name
|
terazosin
good for HTN and urinary block se-1st dose syncopy |
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cardura
gen name |
doxazosin
se-1st dose syncopy |
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would alpha 1 blockers be ok for HTN in females?
how should alpha1 blockers be used for HTN |
no-causes bedwetting
use in conjunction with other HTN meds-not solo |
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apresoline
gen name |
hydralazine
arteriolar vasodilator for HTN in preg pts in hospital |
|
fibric acid derivatives or fibrates work how
|
lower TG's and LDL, by activating lipoprotein lipase
|
|
lopid
gen name |
gemfibrozil
watch combo with statins=muscle breakdown caution: fenofibrates increase serum crCl |
|
fenofibrates: tricor doses
|
48 and 145mg
|
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fenofibrates: antara doses
|
43 and 130mg
|
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fenofibrates: lofibra doses
|
54,67,134,160, 200mg
|
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trilipix
gen name |
fenofibric acid
45 and 135mg only fibrate approved in combo with statins |
|
questran
gen name MOA |
cholestyramine another brand is prevalite
4g resin/packet bile acid sequestrant |
|
welchol
gen name |
colesevelam-bile acid sequestrant
tabs or poweder can improve glycemic control-DM2 |
|
livalo
gen name dose |
pitavastatin (Peter)-1mg
1,2,4mg |
|
cRESTor
gen name dose |
ROSuvastatin (Rose-5mg)
5,10,20,40mg |
|
Lipitor
gen name dose |
atorvastatin (And-10mg)
10,20,40,80 |
|
Zocor
gen name dose |
Simvastatin-(Sam 20mg)
5,10,20,40,80mg |
|
Mevacor
gen name dose |
lovastatin- (Love 40mg)
20,40mg |
|
Pravachol
gen name dose |
pravastatin (Pringles-40mg)
10,20,40,80mg most water soluble-NO CYP450 INTXN's-less muscle breakdown |
|
Lescol
gen name dose |
fluvastatin (with flavor 80mg)
XL80mg |
|
Niaspan
lowers what |
its niacin
lowers LDL and increases HDL |
|
Simcor
gen names |
simvastatin with niacin
|
|
advicor
gen name |
lovastatin + niacin
|
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altoprev
gen name |
lovastatin ER
|
|
Zetia
gen name MOA in what other drug |
ezetimibe
inhibits cholestrol absorption in vytorin (simvastatin + zetia) |
|
vaughan williams classification system
I= II= III= IV= |
I=Na+ blockers
II=BB III=amiodarone and so to lol IV=hy dral a zine (not other CCBs) + digoxin |
|
cordarone
gen name |
amiodarone
need LD- halflife is 50days fatal toxic=hypersens. pneumonitis-report breathing problems -see ophthalmologist is CYPE450 substrate watch intxn |
|
betapace
gen name |
sotalol (2 isomers)
class III activity non selective BB AF- has special instruction for AF pts |
|
tambocor
gen name doses |
flecainide
tabs 50,100,150 mg BID= q 12 H class IC |
|
rythmol
gen name |
propafenONE reg-Q 8H!!!
SR, ER Q 12H!! IC -blocks Na |
|
QUINIDINE
what class |
IA
use quinidine for leg cramps caution tonic water has quinine |
|
normal IOP range
|
11 to 21
but some have >21 and are ok |
|
whats the problem in open angle glaucoma
|
trabecular meshwork is unable to drain fluid cuz fiber stiffness
|
|
problem in closed angle glaucoma
|
drainage problem cause closed angle btwn the iris and cornea
|
|
PGA drugs
work how? SE |
xalatan, lumigan, travatan
ONE DROP daily increase outflow thru uveoscleral route SE-darken iris and brow, growing of eyelashes |
|
xalatan
gen name |
latanoprost
prodrug |
|
lumigan
gen name |
bimatoprost
PGA 0.01%-starting/changing therapy 0.03% orignal strength used for eyelashes-Latisse |
|
Travatan Z
gen name |
travoprost
no BAK-no benzalkonium Cl=eye iritation |
|
BB eye drops
work how? |
inexp, used for long time
lower IOP by decreasing rate of aqueous humor |
|
timoptic
gen name |
timolol maleate
preservative free-one time use nonselective BB-not for COPD pt Timoptic XE- gel-must be shaken |
|
Betimol
gen name? |
timolol HEMIHYDRATE .5%-diff salt then timolol maleate-no subs
|
|
optipranolol
gen name + strength selectivity |
metipranolol .3%
non selective BB |
|
combigan
gen name and strength |
brimonidine 0.2% + timolol 0.5%
combo alpha2 agonist + BB |
|
Betoptic-S
gen name selectivity |
betazolol susp.-less stinging
B1 selective brand 0.25% susp. betoptic generic-only 0.5%soln |
|
betagan
gen name |
Levobunolol
longest acting BB for eye-0.25% + 0.5% QD non selective |
|
alphagan-P
gen name? + strengths |
brimonidine + preservative-alpha 2 agonist
-dec. aqueous prod. + inc outflow thru uveoscleral 0.1% + 0.15% has generic but w/o preservative-so can't witch |
|
whats good alt for glaucoma pts with asthma
|
alpha2 agonist-alphagan
|
|
neptazane
gen name? MOA caution in |
methazolamide- carbonic anhydrase inhib- dec aqueous humor
caution-in sulf pts-are sulfonamides |
|
Diamox
gen name caution in |
acetazolamide
500mg sequels-long lasting like neptazane, but also for mt sickness, epilepsy caution-in sulf pts-are sulfonamides |
|
trusopt
gen name? work how? |
2% dorzolamide
inhib production of aqeuous humor- inhib carbonic anhydrase |
|
cosopt
gen name? |
2% dorzolamide + 0.5% timolol-dec aq humor-BID
|
|
azopt
gen name? |
1% brinzolamide-TID, less stinging then trusopt
carbonic anhydrase inhib. |
|
pilocarpine
uses MOA SE |
green cap
open angle or closed angle direct acting miotic (constricts pupil)=open trabecular meshwork=drainage SE-browache, diarrhea, night blindness |
|
pilocarpine gel strength
|
4%gel for HS in 4g tube
|
|
echothiophate iodide
what is it? how to get |
-cholinesterase inhib
miotic-indirect cholinergic agonist get thru drop-shipment have fishy odor |
|
tobrex
gen name preparation? |
tobramycin- 0.3% in 5ml + 3.5g ointment
eye drops can be used in ear but not other way around |
|
tobradex
gen name |
tobramycin 0.3% with 0.1% dexamthasone (antiinflam)
|
|
tobraDEXST
|
tobramycin 0.3% with 0.05%
|
|
bleph-10
gen name |
sulfacetamide ophthalmic
watch in sulfa allergies |
|
erythromycin oint
|
watch out for warfarin intxn-INR jumps to 8.5
|
|
ciloxan
gen name |
ciprofloxacin
FQ |
|
Nevanac
gen |
nepafenac 0.1% -its prodrug EASILY penetrates cornea
NSAID- inhibits COX |
|
acular
gen name |
-ketorlac 0.5% soln
NSAID-inhib COX acular LS- ketorlac 0.4% for LASIK |
|
patanol
gen name |
olopatadine 0.1%-inhib histamine release from mast cells
for itching of eye pataday-0.2% |
|
restatis
gen name |
cyclosporin
immunosuppresive agent invert vial before use to form white color |
|
atropine
|
anticholinergic- red top
1% eye drops can be placed under tongue to dry secretions |
|
ince an eye drop is open, replace within
|
90 days, regardless of expiration date
|
|
what is choroid
|
middle layer of eye with all blood vessels-give nourishment to eye-esp retina
|
|
myopia aka
|
nearsightedness-cant see far
|
|
hyperopia
|
farsightedness=cant see close
|
|
sclera
|
white part of eye
|
