Parasitology lab

Alae

Copulatory bursa

Spicule

Rectum
Cloaca

There are both males and females.
Sexes are seperate

Hypodermis-- Provides support
Somatic muscular layer-- Provides movement
Body cavity-- Pseudoocoelom

Egg contains a single cell or morula

Egg contains a first stage larva

Egg contains a larva

Suck blood from gastric mucosa
Cause vomiting, diarrhea, and dark stools
Adults are sometimes passed in vomit
Embryonated eggs are passed in feces
Egg's length is twice it's width
Diagnosis is fecal floatation

Roundworms of cats and dogs.
Toxocara canis-- Dogs
Toxocara felis-- Cats
Toxascaris leonina-- Dogs and cats
Live in small intestine

Toxocara spp. ZOONOTIC= Visceral larval migrans and ocular larval migrans

Cause diarrhea, vomiting, or constipation
Kittens and puppies get pot-bellied appearance.
Unembryonated eggs pass in the feces
Diagnosis= Fecal floatation

Dogs= A. caninum and A. braziliense
Cats= A. caninum and A. braziliense
Tansimission= fecal-oral, percutaneous, prenatal, transmammary
Blood feeder
Symptoms= Anemia, Diarrhea
Eggs= Oval and thin walled
Diagnosed via fecal float

Ancylostoma spp. ZOONOTIC= percutanous infection->cutaneous larval migrans.

Dogs only
Cat species (T. campanula and T. serrata not in North America)
Fecal-oral route
Eggs=thick, yellow/brown shell, bipolar plugs.
Diagnosed via fecal float

Canine heartworm
Mosquito is intermediate host.
PPP=6 months
Symptoms=none, mild to severe cough, exercise intolerance, heart failure, death.
Diagnosis test=heartworm antigen, blood smear, modified knott's test.

Subcutaneous filarial worm.
Found in blood
Has a button hook tail and blunt anterior.
Non-pathogenic
Vector is Ctenocephalides felis

MUST BE DIFFERENTIATED FROM DIROFILARIA IMMITIS!!!!!

Feline lungworm
Larvae have S-shaped tail with spine
Diagnosis=fecal float, baermann, tracheal wash
Snails and slugs are intermediate
often acquired from ingesting transport hosts like frogs or birds.

Canine lungworm
Larvae have short S-shaped appendage at tail.
L1 is infective
Fecal-oral transmission or from saliva.
Diagnosis= fecal float, Baermann

Affect ruminants
Adults live on mucosal surface of abomasum.

AKA Barber pole worm
Both larvae and adults suck blood
Female lays 10,000 eggs/day
Heavy worm burdens can cause severe anemia, which can lead to death.

Larvae invade gastric glands of the abomasum
Decreased digestion
Diarrhea and weight loss
Alters pH in abomasum
Heavy infections can be fatal

Due to loss of protein from the gut and loss of digestion of protein
Leads to decreased oncotic pressure
Fluid leaks from the blood vessels causing edema
Johne's diease

Ruminants and horses
Damage the mucosa of the abomasum
Light infection may cause stunted growth and decrease in appetite
Heavy infection causes diarrhea and weight loss

Large intestine of horses
Stongyles
Egg= morulated with a thin shell
Molt in liver and migrate to the large intestine where they mature.
Weight loss, fever, poor appetite.

Horses
AKA blood worm
Larvae migrate through mesenteric arteries and liver, molt, and mature in the small intestine.
Severe arterial damage can lead to death..

S. westeri (horses)
S. ransomi (pigs)
S. papillosus (cattle)

Intestinal threadworm
Female is parasitic, male is free living
Infection via skin penetration or ingestion
Can infect through colostrum
Signs are rare, diarrhea, and weight loss
Female is partenogenic--non fertalized eggs

Free living in the stomach of horses
Intermediate host is Stomoxys calcitrans and Musca domestica
Infection via fly ingestion or larvae is deposited in wounds

Habronema spp. and Draschia spp.

Pinworms.
Found in cecum, colon, and rectum.
Lay eggs around anus
Cause extreme pruritis
Diagnosis=scotch tape prep, fecal float, and tail rubbing

Roundworm of raccoons
ZOONOTIC
Cause VLM and OLM
Can also migrate to the central nervous system and cause neural larval migrans

Equine filarial worm
Spread by Culicoides spp.
Adults migrate to nuchal ligament
Cause extreme pruritis (Cutaneous onchoceciasis)
Diagnosis on biopsy

Pig is intermediate host
Eggs live in the muscle and are freed upon digestion.
Pigs become infected when fed garbage
Humans are primary and intermediate host.

Fenbendazole
Ivermectin
Febantel
Rotating pasture

True tapeworms

Pseudotapeworms

(Larval stage)
Cysticercoid
Cysticercus
Coernus
Stobilocercus
Alveolar
Hydatid

Scolex=head
Acetabula=suckers
Rostellum=anchor
Tegument=body wall (absorbs nutrients)

Most common in dog and cat
Metacestode=cysticercoid
Armed scolex

Egg=onchosphere
Metacestode=cysticercus or "bladder worm"
T. taeniformis=strobilocercus

ZOONOTIC
E. granulosis=ruminant
E. multiocularis=rodent
Metacestode=hydatid
3 proglottids total
Dx often postmortem

Broad fish tapeworms
Proglottids detach in chains
Operculated pseudophyllian oval egg

Salmon poisoning

Lung fluke of cats and dogs
Eggs in cysts in the bronchioles
Dx=fecal float and tracheal wash
Snail is first intermediate
Crawfish or crabs are second intermediate

Ruminant tapeworm
Intermediate host=grain mite
Eggs are square or triangular
Dx=fecal float

Equine tapeworm
Intestines, cecum, stomach
intemediate=grain mite
Tree layered shell
Dx=fecal float

"fringed tapeworm"
Ruminants
Dx=fecal float

Paramphistomum spp.
Cotylophoron spp.

Fascioloa hepatica

Dicrocoelium dendriticum

Stun
Kill