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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three functions of the hemostatic system?
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1. Prevent bleeding
2. Maintain fluidity of blood 3. Allow wound healing |
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Platelets are derived from large cells called __________, which are located in the ____________.
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1. megakaryocytes
2. bone marrow |
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In which organ are most coagulation factors manufactured?
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The liver
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What is the main function of the thrombolytic system?
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To dissolve clots
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What type of tissue to platelets stick to in the clotting process?
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Damaged blood vessels
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Which protein is required for platelets to stick to damaged blood vessels?
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von Willebrand factor
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The activation of platelets is blocked by which drug?
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aspirin
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Injury to vessel and underlying tissue exposes the blood to _______.
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tissue factor
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What does tissue factor do when exposed to blood?
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it triggers the coagulation cascade
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Which vitamin is required in the synthesis of several coagulation factors?
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vitamin K
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What is the end product of the coagulation cascade? What does it do?
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1. thrombin
2. it converts fibrinogen to fibrin |
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What does fibrin do?
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polymerizes to form a glue-like plug coating around the platelet plug
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After being stimulated by ________, plasminogen activators convert ________ to _________.
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1. clot formation
2. plasminogen 3. plasmin |
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Which protein gradually dissolves a clot?
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plasmin
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How does antithrombin limit clot formation?
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it inhibits thrombin and other coagulation enzymes
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How does Protein C limit clot formation?
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it degrades activated coagulation factors V and VIII
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The disease in which antibodies destroy circulating platelets is called ________.
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Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
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What are the two types of immune thrombocytopenic purpura?
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1. autoimmune
2. drug-induced |
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Is bleeding more likely when the platelet count is high or low?
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low
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The disease that is caused by deficiency in either clotting factor VIII or IX is called __________.
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hemophilia
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The clotting factor deficiency found in hemophilia causes what?
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defective fibrin formation
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What type of inheritance is hemophilia an example of?
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sex-linked
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In von Willebrand disease, deficiency of von Willebrand factor results in what?
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Platelets are less able to stick to damaged blood vessels to initiate clotting.
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What type of inheritances is von Willebrand disease an example of?
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dominant
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Give three examples of acquired coagulation disorders?
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1. liver disease
2. vitamin K deficiency 3. disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) |
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What can cause a vitamin K deficiency?
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1. poor diet
2. antibiotic use 3. malabsorption 4. biliary tract disease |
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Which anticoagulant drug blocks the effect of vitamin K and creates what is essentially a deficiency?
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warfarin
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DIC is almost always associated with ______________.
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underlying life threatening disease/trauma
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Both uncontrolled _________ and ___________ are seen in DIC.
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1. coagulation
2. fibrinolysis |
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What is the best treatment for DIC?
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To reverse the underlying cause of the DIC
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True or false: Hypercoagulability can be inherited.
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True. For example, thrombophilia is a genetic deficiency of anticoagulant proteins.
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What type of thrombosis is caused by vessel injury or arteriosclerosis?
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arterial thrombosis
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What type of thrombosis is caused by hypercoagulable states?
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venous thrombosis
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What type of thrombosis is most likely to cause a heart attack?
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arterial
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What type of thrombosis is most likely to cause pain and swelling in tissues?
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venous
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Where do arterial emboli originate?
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in the heart or large arteries
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Where do venous emboli originate?
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usually in the large veins of the legs
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What is it called when a blood clot breaks loose from its site of origin and becomes lodged in the lungs?
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pulmonary embolism
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What three factors make up Virchow's triad?
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1. blood vessel or endothelial injury
2. stasis of blood 3. hypercoagulability |
