- Shuffle
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Alphabetize
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Front First
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Both Sides
Toggle OnToggle Off
Front
How to study your flashcards.
Right/Left arrow keys: Navigate between flashcards.right arrow keyleft arrow key
Up/Down arrow keys: Flip the card between the front and back.down keyup key
H key: Show hint (3rd side).h key
PLAY BUTTON
PLAY BUTTON
49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are the associations of mammary duct ectasia?
|
Dilated duct.
May be associated with breast secretions. Resembles cancer clinically on gross appearance and mammogram. |
|
What are the associations of fat necrosis of the breast?
|
follows trauma, surgery, or radiation to the breast.
Gross morphology: hemorrhage progresses to necrosis, chalky white area. Micro: necrotic fat surrounded by lipid-laden macrophages |
|
What are the associations of lymphocytic lobulitis?
|
palpable mass in persons with type I DM and AI thyroiditis
|
|
What are the associations of granulomatous mastitis?
|
systemic granulomatous disease: TB infection
lactation sensitization Foreign bodies: prosthesis, piercings |
|
What are "blue dome" cysts?
|
fibro-cystic change cysts that are brown/blue externally and contain greenish turbid fluid. Micro: apocrine metaplastic cells
|
|
what is the increased risk for breast cancer in non-proliferative (fibrocystic change)?
|
None!
|
|
What is the increased risk for breast cancer in proliferative epithelial lesions without atypia? (including sclerosing adenosis, florid hyperplasia, papillomas, radial scars)?
|
1.5 to 2x the risk
|
|
What is the increased risk for breast cancer in proliferative epithelial lesions with atypia? (including atypical ductal or lobular hyperplasia)?
|
4-5x increased risk
|
|
What is the increased risk of breast cancer in carincoma in situ? (DCIS/LCIS)
|
8x the risk
|
|
What is the special type of balanoposthitis?
|
Balanitis xerotica obliterans - inflammation followed by sclerosis of the prepuce
|
|
What is Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans analogous to?
|
Lichen sclerosis of the vulva
|
|
Describe Bowenoid Papulosis.
|
Age is younger, sexually active adults.
Multiple, pigmented or violatious papular lesions, some verrucoid. Lesions unlikely to invade; virtually always regress spontaneously. No visceral cancer association |
|
Describe Bowen's Disease.
|
Most common age >35 years
Males involves shaft of penis and scrotum. Solitary plaque, usually thick gray white or velvety, reddened on glans penis. May ulcerate. Risk for progression to invasive squamous cell carcinoma </= 10%. Pt may have visceral carcinoma |
|
What is the most common anomaly of the testis?
|
cryptorchidism
|
|
What is the significance of intratubular germ cell tumor?
|
Precursor lesion of germ cell tumors of adults (testis)
|
|
What markers are expressed in intratubular germ cell tumors?
|
OCT 3/4 transcription factor
NANOG transcription factor PLAP |
|
What cytogenic marker is present in almost all germ cell malignancies, male/female?
|
isochromosome 12
|
|
What is a marker for cell necrosis used for assessing tumor burden in testicular germ cell tumors?
|
LDH
|
|
What germ cell tumor serological markers do we use?
|
LDH - level correlates w/ tumor burden.
Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) - synthesized by fetal gut, liver and yolk sac. Falls to undetectable low level by age 1. Produced by yolk sac cells in germ cell tumors. HCG - produced by syncytiotrophoblasts. Beta subunit is specific. Alpha unit shared with other glycoprotein hormones (TSH, FSH, etc) |
|
What serological markers are present in a seminoma?
|
OCT-4
c-KIT PLAP (minority express localized HCG) |
|
What is the morphology of a seminoma ?
|
Micro: larege monomorphous polyhedral cells with watery cytoplasm, prominent nucleoli.
Gross: large, gray homogenous stuff replaces testss |
|
What serum tumor markers are found in a NSGCT/Embryonal carcinoma of the testis?
|
AFP or HCG or both (>80% have these)
|
|
What is another name for the yolk sac tumor?
|
endodermal sinus tumor
|
|
What is the serological marker for the yolk sac tumor?
|
AFP present
|
|
What is the buzzword microscopic morphology of a yolk sac tumor?
|
Schiller-Duval Glomeruloid bodies
|
|
What is the serological marker for choriocarcinoma?
|
HCG
|
|
What is the morphology of a Leydig cell tumor?
|
gross: distinctive golden brown color
Micro: crystalloids of Reinke |
|
What is the morphology of Sertoli cell tumors?
|
Micro: neoplastic cells arranged in tubular structures
|
|
What are 2 histologic types of testicular lymphomas?
|
1. Diffuse large B cell type (most common)
2. NK/T cell type (Associated with EBV) |
|
What is the most common testicular cancer over age 60?
|
Lymphoma of the testis
|
|
What is Paget disease?
|
breast cancer involving nipple and aerola, appears as eczematous rash over breast with crusting, scaling or erosion
|
|
Prognosis for breast cancer is determined by pathologic exam of what 2 things?
Why? |
Primary carcinoma
Axillary lymph nodes 3 reasons why: 1) used to choose appropriate tx 2) counsel pt about likely outcome, and 3) for accurately classifying groups of similar pts for clinical trials |
|
What is the name of the benign nodular neoplasm of the vulva? What does it resemble
|
Papillary hidradenoma
Histologicaly identical to intraductal papilloma of the breast |
|
What is vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma associated with?
|
DES exposure in utero
|
|
What vaginal malignancy occurs in children?
|
embyronal rhabdomyosarcoma (AKA sarcoma botryoides)
|
|
What is the most common ovarian tumor in patients under 20?
|
Germ cell tumors
|
|
What is the most common ovarian tumor in patients over 20?
|
surface epithelial cell tumors
|
|
What is the most common malignancy of the ovary?
|
serous tumors
|
|
What is the genetic risk for endometrioid carcinoma of the ovary?
|
HNPCC mutation
|
|
What is the tumor marker for surface epithelial cell tumors of the ovary?
|
CA-125
|
|
What is the morphology of a granulosa cell tumor of the ovary?
|
gross: yellow color of cut surface
micro: Call-Exner bodies (gland-like structures with eosinophilic material at center suggestive of immature follicles) |
|
What is Meig's syndrome?
|
ovarian fibroma (benign).
Hydrothorax, usually right sided. Ascites. May be associated with the basal cell nevus syndrome |
|
What cell is the morphologic hallmark of endometritis not present in normal endometrium?
|
Plasma cells
|
|
What is adenomyosis?
|
basal layer of endometrial glands grow deep within the myometrium
|
|
What 3 symptoms does endometriosis cause?
|
infertility
dysmenorrhea pelvic pain |
|
What are the 3 potential explanations for the origin of endometriosis?
|
regurgitation
metaplastic vascular/lymphatic |
|
What is the most common tumor in women?
|
leiomyoma (fibroids)
|
|
What is the morphology of fibroids?
|
whorled pattern of smooth muscle.
Gross: sharply circumscribed, discrete, round, firm, gray-white |
|
What is the most common invasive cancer of the female genital tract?
|
endometrial carcinoma
|
