Pathology: Normal Cell

fluid phospholipid bilayer
numerous specific proteins
microvilli and cilia
surface proteins like fibronectin which play role in cell to cell interaction

selective barrier
structural base for enzymes and receptors which determine cell function
form boundaries of many organelles and separate them from the cytosol
protection from injurious agents
separate the interior of the cell from external surfaces, neighboring cells, or surrounding matrix

plasma membrane specialization that are often specifically altered in disease

watery gel that suspends cell's organelles and inclusions
chemical reactions occur mediated by free enzymes
highly organized microtrabecular network

site of fatty acid oxidation, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation
outer membrane, outer compartment, inner membrane, inner compartment (matrix), cristae, and mitochondrial DNA.
Damage results in diminished ATP production

storage and transmission of genetic information
outer nuclear membrane continuous with RER

uncoiled chromatin active in generation of mRNA for protein synthesis

coiled chromatin that is inactive in transcription

basophilic organelle composed of RNA, nucleolus-associated chromatin, and protein.
synthesis of rRNA, essential in proteins syntesis
prominence dependent upon cell's synthetic activity

intracellular membranes studded with ribosomes
prominent in cells producing large amounts of extracellular protein
high content of acidic RNA of ribosomes

tubular or vesicular form of cell membranes which lack ribosomes
contains enzymes that metabolize steroids, drugs, lipids, and glycogen
gives the cytoplasm a pale, finely vacuolated appearance

lamellar stacks or flattened sacs of membrane, vesicles and vacuoles
synthesis of complex proteins by addition of carbohydrate molecules and production of secretory vesicles and lysosomes.

small membrane bound vesicles with hydrolytic enzymes for intracellular digestion

composed of protein subunits
function in the cytoskeleton and cell movement
mitotic spindle, cilia, microvilli, neurons, myocytes, and phagocytic cells

10nm in diameter
maintain cell shape
can be used as markers for undifferentiated neoplasms

found in epithelial cells

found in muscle cells

found in mesenchymal cells like fibroblasts

glycogen granules, proteinaceous and lipid debris, hemosiderin, viral particles, and calcium granules.
some are normal
others reflect cell injury

influences cell health and function including proper structure and function as well as how cells grow and differentiate
basement membranes and interstitial matrix composed of collagens, proteoglycans, and adhesive glycoproteins