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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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why is the skin susceptible to a wide range of insults?
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because it is in contact with both the external and internal environments
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in food animals what can cutaneous parasites do?
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blemish hides
decrease production of meat, wool, and milk predispose animals to secondary bacterial infections annoy animals cause paralysis, unthriftiness, downgrading at market, and death |
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what are the layers of skin?
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basale
spinosum granulosum lucidum corneum disjunctum |
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what types of cells are present in the skin
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keratinocytes
melanocytes langerhan's cells merket cells |
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what do langerhans cells do?
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they are dendritic APC
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what are parts of the adnexa of the skin?
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hair, glands (sebaceous, sweat, apocrine or epitrichial and eccrine or atrichial)
specialized glands (circumanal, tail, anal) claws and hooves |
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where do hepatoid glands occur
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aka perianal, occur most commonly near the anus, but are also present in skin near the prepuce, tail, flank, and groin
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what are the fibers in the dermis?
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collagen, reticulin, and elastin
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what is in the ground substance of the dermis?
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glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans
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what are the parts of the hair follicles in the dermis?
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anagen, catagen, and telogen
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what are the cells in the dermis?
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fibroblasts, mast cells, hisitocytes, smooth muscle
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what are the vessels in the dermis?
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blood and lymph
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what are the nerves in the dermis
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sensory and motor
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what are some other names for hypodermis?
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subcutis and panniculus
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what are the types of lipocytes in the hypodermis?
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panniculus adiposus and digitial cushion
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what are the fibers in the hypodermis ?
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collagen and elastin
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what are the vessels in the hypodermis?
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blood (deep, middle, and superficial plexuses) lymph
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what nerves are in the hypodermis
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sensory and motor
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how many layers of nucleated cells does haired skin have?
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1-3 layers
a single discontinous stratum granulosum and no rete ridges |
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where is the skin thickest?
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back and the neck more than the abdomen and thinest in inguinal and axillary areas
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what does the epithelium look like on the scrotum?
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thicker epidermis than haired skin and often promininet epidermal pigmentation
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what does the epidermis look like on the footpads?
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very thick epidermis with a multilayered spinosum, a two or three cell thick stratum granulosum and a wide compact stratum corneum
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what does the nasal planum look like
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thick epidermis with a laminated stratum corneum and absence of hair follicles and associated glands
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what are the functions of the skin?
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barrier, protection, senesory, temp. regulation, shock absorption, storage, adnexa production, blood pressure control, pigmentation, immunoregulation/antibacterial action, indicator of systemic dz.
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what are the clinical expressions of skin dz's
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alopecia, seborrhea, pain and swelling, tumor masses +/- ulceration, vescicles, nodules, hyperemia and congestion, scabs and crusts, pruritus, wheal, papules, macules, pustules, furnuncles, roughened thick epidermis, melanosis or absense of normal pigmentation
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what are the 5 diagnostic procedures for skin?
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history
physical exam lab exam other ancillary tests biopsy |
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how are the sites of biopsy selected?
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multiple cutaneous representative sites should be selected
fully developed non-treated primary lesions secondary lesions |
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primary lesions
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macules, papules, pustules, nodules, neoplasms, vesicles, and wheals
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secondary lesions
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scales, crusts, ulcers, comedones, fissures, excoriations, lichenification, pigmentary abnormalies and scars
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what is needed for an excisional biopsy?
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entire lesions are recommended for large pustules or vesicles
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why would a digit have to be amputated?
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in dogs it may be required for the diagnosis of nail bed lesions
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can electrocautery be used for obtaining tissue samples?
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electrocaudery should not be used for small biopsy samples, they can become damanged and will not be useful in diagnosis
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how should tissue forceps be used in obtaining a biopsy?
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tissue forceps should grasp only one nonaffected margin preferably in the subcutis
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