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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the leading cause of death worldwide?
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cardiac failure/MI
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what is the weight of a normal heart?
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- men ~ 350 g
- women ~250 g |
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what the most common cause of ischemic heart disease?
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coronary atherosclerosis
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what is the number 1 cause of death in people over the age of 35?
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coronary atherosclerosis
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describe the progression of the heart's rhythm during sudden death due to MI? how long does this take to occur?
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- arrhythmia leads to tachycardia which leads to fibrillation
- this can occur in 15 - 30 seconds |
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how would a patient with fibrillations describe them feeling?
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like a bag of worms
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what is the most common place for a person to have a lethal obstruction?
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left anterior descending coronary artery (the widow maker)
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why are acute plaque changes worse than progressive plaque changes?
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the heart does not have time to compensate for acute plaque changes like it does with progressive plaque changes
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what are the 3 most common places for things such as atheromas to be deposited?
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- proximal left anterior descending artery (the widow maker)
- mid right coronary artery (deadman's curve) - proximal left circumflex artery |
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T or F: ischemia results in reversible cell damage while infarction results in irreversible cell damage.
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true
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a 48 year old obese male comes in to your office complaining of chest pain only when he tries to push mow his lawn. he tells you that when he rests for a little bit his chest pain goes away. what is the most likely diagnosis?
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stable angina
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a 55 year old male with a history of high cholesterol and high LDL comes into your office complaining of chest pain all the time. what is the most likely diagnosis?
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unstable angina
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approximately how occluded does an artery need to be to cause stable angina? approximately how occluded does an artery need to be to cause unstable angina?
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- ~75% occlusion
- > 75% occlusion |
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what is the golden time to get someone treatment for myocardial ischemia/infarction?
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20-40 minutes. in this time interval irreversible necrosis occurs and we want to get them treatment to prevent as much necrosis and myocardium loss as possible
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what changes will you see in an MI after 1 hour?
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- pale tissue
- may or may not see contractions |
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what changes will you see in a MI after 24 hours?
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- hemorrhage
- palor - neutrophils |
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what changes will you see in a MI after 3-5 days?
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- soft, white tissue
- lymphocytes and macrophages |
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what changes will you see in a MI after 10 days?
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- gelatinous, grey tissue
- collagen |
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what changes will you see in a MI after 3-4 months?
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- hard, white scar tissue
- collagen - very few lymphocytes |
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what is the most common site of an infarct? what artery is occluded?
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- left ventricle
- most commonly LAD |
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what occurs first: a subendocardial infarct or a transmural infarct? why?
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- subendocardial
- because this is the tissue that is furthest away from the arteries that are providing the blood |
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what parts of the heart are affected during a LAD occlusion?
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- anterior wall of the LV
- anterior septum - apex |
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what parts of the heart are affected during a right coronary artery occlusion?
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- posterior wall of the left ventricle
- posterior septum - right ventricular free wall |
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what parts of the heart are affected during a left circumflex artery occlusion?
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lateral left ventricle free wall
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how long after a MI will a myocardial rupture occur if it is going to occur?
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4 - 10 days
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which is more likely to cause mitral valve failure? anterior or posterior infarct? why does this occur?
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- posterior
- the posterior papillary muscle has a single blood supply and is more prone to rupture |
