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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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3 phases of atherosclerosis
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the fatty streak, the atheromatous plaque, and the complicated plaque.
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Lipid deposits of the fatty streak in the intima of the aorta stain red with _____
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Oil red O (red)
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chemotractant for monocytes important in atherosclerosis
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oxidized LDL
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Foam cells are derived from both ____ and ____
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macrophages and smooth muscle cells
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The fibrous plaque is composed of...
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a) the fibrous cap--a result of smooth muscle cell collagen deposition. Extracellular matrix including collagen, a few scattered foam cells and smooth cells.
b) the plaque center, in which foam cells, lymphocytes, cell debris, and cholesterol crystals predominate. Necrotic areas may be seen in advanced lesions. |
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most common site of syphilitic aneurysm
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ascending and trensverse aortic arch, may also extend to the aortic valve ring
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common site of dissecting aneurysm
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origin of dissection usually in ascending arch, extends dsitally. May extend into subclavian, carotid, mesenteric, and renal arteries
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usual site of atherosclerotic aneurysm
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most common type of aortic aneurysm, usually occur in abdominal aorta below renal artieries, or in common iliac arteries
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define: mycotic aneurysm
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infection of aorta or large artery weakens vascular wall.
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define: false aneurysm
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perivascular hematomas following trauma
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Most fatalities caused by atherosclerotic aneurysms result from ___________
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rupture into the retroperitoneal space or peritoneum, causing massive blood loss with life-threatening hypotension and frequently death.
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Type A and B of aortic dissection
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Type A involve the ascending aorta and may extend into the descending aorta. These are the most common and most serious form.
Type B do not involve the ascending aorta and usually begin distal to the subclavian artery. |
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Hypertension contributes to the elements predisposing to dissection in two ways:
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1.) Weakening and destruction of the medial wall of the aorta by cystic medial degeneration and elastic fragmentation.
2.) Increased shearing forces which occur with widening pulse pressure. The shearing forces may lead to intimal tear and promote the further dissection of blood within the media. |
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micrographic features of cystic medial degeneration and elastic fragmentation.
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Cystic medial degeneration (also erroneously termed cystic medial “necrosis”) characterized by cyst-like spaces filled with mucin.
Elastic tissue stain showing fragmentation and discontinuity of the elasic fibers in the media, a finding in 95% of patients with aortic dissection. |
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degenerative changes in aortic media in marfans
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Mucoid degeneration of the media of large elastic vessels is one prominent feature of Marfan’s syndrome.
Elastic fibers are fragmented with loss of continuity |
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The media of an aorta (usually proximal) affected by tertiary syphilis shows ____
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loss of elastic fibers and replacement by dense collagen.
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Risk factors for atherosclerosis
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Hyperlipidemia
Hypertension Diabetes Cigarette smoking Age Sedentary Lifestyle Male gender (until menopause) |
