Pathololgy II- The Central Nervous System Flash Cards

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Title:	Pathololgy II- The Central Nervous System
Description:	CNS
Number of Cards:	47
Save Count:	0
Author:	kateelomonaco18
Created:	2011-12-11
Tags:	cns exam final ii pathology
Private	No

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- Question
- Answer
- Side 3

- Neurons function to:
- generate impulse- irritability
  transmit impulse- conductivity
- Macroglia is composed of
- astrocytes and oligodendrocytes
- Microglia is responsible for
- immunosurvellience, regulation, repair/phagocytosis
- Gitter cells are
- phagocytes in the CNS post-phagocytosis of neurons..They appear enlarged and swollen
- Chromatolysis is_____________ and is an early change suggestive of ______________/
- breakdowin of cytoplasmic Nissl bodies
  
  neuronal cell injury
- What changes do we see in the CNS with ischemia?
- degenerative neurons-->
  shrunken
  eosinophilic cytoplasm
  pyknotic nuclei
  karyolysis
- Satellitosis is
- the accumulation of neuroglial cells around neurons
- Neuronophagia
- phagocytosis of neuron
- Status spongiosus is a spongioform change seen in what conditions?
- hepatic encephalopathy
  canine distemper
- Canine distemper causes what CNS abnormalities?
- status spongiosus
  giliosis
  perivascular cuffing
- Describe Wallerian degeneration?
- sectioning of axon with karyolysis
- What type of injury is demyelination most likely associated with?
- viral/bacterial infections
- Axonal degeneration is seen
- in neuronal cell body injury
- Microencephaly is
- part of brain is smaller than normal
- prosencephalic hypoplasia is the microencephaly of which portion of the brain and is seen in cavles with _____ and piglets with _____.
- Cerebrum
  calves- BVD
  piglets- Classical Swine Fever
- Hydrocephalus is characterized by
- an increase in CSF volume
  presents with a dome shaped heard on necropsy with varying degress of malformation of the cranium
- Clincial signs of hypdrocephalus include:
- depression, dementia, seizure, exophthalmos, ventricular strabismus
- In what viral disease do we see compensatory hydrocephalus
- BVD
- Cerebellar hypoplasia is poorly developed cerebellum and common in
- BVD calves and kittens infected in-utero by panleukopenia
- Lysosomal storage disease have these clinical signs in common:
- enlarged neurons, foamy vacuolated cytoplasm due to accumulation of lysosomal substances--> neuronal degeneration and necrosis
- Most lysosomal storage diseases are inherited. This disease is induced by eating locoweeds
- Alpha-mannosidosis
- Coup v. Countercoup
- intial impact is coup
  countercoup is the hitting back of skull on rebound
- Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE)
- presence of neurofibrillary tangles
- What are the main causes of polioencephalomalacia?
- thiamine deficiency
  sulfur toxicity
  lead toxicity
  salt poisoning
  water deprivation
- Chastek paralysis is caused by a deficiency in _____ and is commonly concurrent with _____.
- thiamine
  polioencephalomaliacia
  seen in carnivores
- What are histological signs of hepatic encephalopathy
- myelin ballooning, spongiform change in white matter, polymicrocaviation
- what bacteria causes focal symmetrical encephalomalcia
- C. perfringens type D enterotxemia in lambs
- Horses with bilateral focal liquifactive necrosis of the brain usually die from
- starvation
- Edema disease in pigs is caused by
- enterotoxemia colibacillosis
- Bacterial infections of the CNS that cause suppurative meningitis
- streptococcus suis
- Bacterial infection of the CNS that causes thrombotic meningoencephalitis in feed lot cattle
- Histophilus somni
- Histophilus somni causes
- fibrino-suppurative hemorrhagic and necrotizing meningioencephalitis in feed lot cattle
- What viral infections can induce polioencephalomyelitis?
- Equine encephalomyelitis (EEE, WEE, VEE)
- Signs of equine herpesvirus encephalomyelitis are
- ataxia, paresis, paralysis, vasculitis
- In what age group do outbreaks of bovine herpesvirus encephalitis infection
- 5-18 months of age
- BHV-5 causes what type of encephalitis in cattle 5-18 months of age?
- necrotizing meningoencephalitis
- Canine herpesviral encephalitis occurs in what age group
- <3 week old puppies
- Rabies virus produces Negri bodies in Prukinge cells. This is necessary for Rabies infections. True/False
- false
- pyogranulomatous inflammation may be seen in cats with
- FIP
- Caprine Arhritis Encephalitis sydnrome is seen in what age group and spp
- goats, 2-4 months old
- What CNS lesions are associated with Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis?
- demyelinating encephalomyelitis
- Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis is caussed by which parasite
- Sarcocystitis neurona
- Horses are intermediate hosts of Sarcocystitis neurona which causes Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis
  T/F
- false- aberrant hosts- accidential ingestion of sporocysts in opossum feces
- Equine Protozoal encephalitis, wobbler's syndrome and vitamin E deficiency all cause neuroloigcal deficets in the brain of horses. How can these be differentiated?
- EPM causes asymmetric neurological deficits
  Wobbler's and vit. E def- symmetrical
- Prion diseases are characterized by
- long incubation periods (2-8 years)
- Define prion
- abnormal protein with conformational changes that render it resistent to protease degradation. Prion proteins accumulate within neurons causing progressive and fatal neurological disease
- What are the signs associated with BSE?
- aggression, incoordination, abnormal posture, hypermetra, progressive weakness, decreased milk production, emaciation