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248 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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treatment may cause a disease?
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iatrogenic
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objective indicators; fever, rash
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signs
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subjective feelings; pain, nausea
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symptoms
|
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period of recovery
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convalescence
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disease rate within a group
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morbidity
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number of new cases in a given populated within a stated time period
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incidence
|
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increased number of cells
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hyperplasia
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one mature cell type if replaced by a different mature type
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metaplasia
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tissue in which different cell size and shape are present
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dysplasia
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causes of inflammation?
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direct physical damage (cuts, sprains)
chemicals ischemia allergic reactions heat or cold extremes foreign bodies (splinters, glass) |
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systemic effects of inflammation?
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fever
malaise fatigue headache anorexia |
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local effects of inflammation?
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redness, warmth, swelling, pain
|
|
watery exudates are called ____?
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serous
|
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thick and sticky exudates, increases risk for scar formation?
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fibrinous
|
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thick, yellow-green in color exudates? indicate bacterial infection.
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purulent
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the course of inflammation and healing?
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1- tissue injury
2- acute inflammation 3- release of chemical mediators 4. vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, chemotaxis (wbcs to area), irritation of nerve endings 5. clot/fibrin mesh walls off area, phagocytosis 6. preparation for healing 7. regeneration or resolution |
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what does RICE stand for?
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Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation
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Rule of nines
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total head= 9% (front 4.5, back 4.5)
each arm= 9% (front 4.5, back 4.5) each leg = 18% anterior trunk= 18% posterior trunk-18% groin= 1% half of arm= 4.5% |
|
When would an immune response be more rapid and severe, 1st exposure or 2nd?
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2nd time exposure occurs
|
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foreign substances?
|
antigen
|
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primary cell in the immune response?
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lymphocyte
|
|
which 2 cells determine which type of immunity will be initiated? (cell mediated or humoral)
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B lymphocytes & T lymphocytes
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T lymphocytes initiate which immune response?
|
cell mediated
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B lymphocytes initiate which immune response?
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humoral
|
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which cell produces antibodies or immunoglobulins?
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b lymphocytes
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|
Purpose of complement system?
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Inflammatory response
|
|
IgG?
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Most common
activates complement antibacterial crosses placenta- passive immunity in newborns |
|
IgA?
|
secretions
colostrum-protects newborn |
|
IgM
|
bound to B lymphocytes
complement 1st to increase in immune response ABO incompatibility |
|
IgE?
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mast cells
releases histamine inflammation |
|
IgD?
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activates B cells
|
|
which immunity is species specific?
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Natural Immunity
|
|
two steps of immune response?
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primary and secondary response
|
|
What is a primary immune response?
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when a person is first exposed to an antigen, takes 1-2 weeks
|
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What is a secondary immune response?
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when a person is exposed to the same antigen a second time, explains why a person usually only has chickenpox one time
|
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Active immunity?
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when the person's own body develops antibodies to an antigen
|
|
Passive immunity?
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when antibodies are transferred from one person to another, temporarily
|
|
when a person has an infection and develops antibodies, which type of immunity?
|
natural active (chickenpox)
|
|
when a specific antigen is purposefully introduced to body?
|
artificial active (vaccine)
|
|
when IgG is transferred from mother to baby through placenta or breast milk?
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passive natural
|
|
results from injection of antibodies from a person or animal to another person
|
artificial passive (hepatitis b)
|
|
when a recipient's immune system rejects a graft or transplant?
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host versus graft (kidney transplant)
|
|
when graft tissue contains t cells that attack the host's cells?
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graft versus host (bone marrow transplant)
|
|
examples of type I hypersensitivity: allergic reaction
|
hay fever, anaphylaxis, food allergies, asthma, atopic dermatitis, eczema
|
|
Pathophysiology of type I reaction?
|
exposure to allergen
develops IgE antibodies that bind to mast cells histamine released inflammation redness, swelling, itching second phase, delayed reaction |
|
why is anaphylaxis serious?
|
decreased b/p
decreased loc hypoxia airway obstruction |
|
examples of type II: cytotoxic?
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blood transfusion reaction
|
|
what happens in a cytotoxic reaction?
|
complement
lysis phagocytosis |
|
examples of type III:immune complex?
|
glomerulonephritis
rheumatoid arthritis lupus |
|
pathophysiology of type III complex?
|
antigen combines with antibody, forming complex
complement inflammation, tissue destruction |
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examples of type IV: cell mediated or delayed?
|
transplant rejection
contact dermatitis tb skin test poison ivy |
|
which cell mediator is involved in a cell mediated hypersensitivity?
|
lymphokines
|
|
Common symptoms of SLE?
|
painful joints, butterfly rash, proteinuria, renal damage, pleurisy in lungs causing chest pain, carditis, raynaud's, bone marrow suppression
|
|
characteristics of bacteria?
|
external capsule-prevents phagocytosis
release of toxins (endo/exo) |
|
produced by gram positive bacteria
|
exotoxins
|
|
vasoactive compounds that can cause septic shock, DIC, inflammation?
|
endotoxins
|
|
bacilli, spirochetes, cocci; bacteria or virus?
|
bacteria
|
|
characteristics of viruses?
|
require living host
|
|
undifferentiated, non functional cells?
|
anaplasia
|
|
well differentiated cells, reproduce at a higher rate than normal, well encapsulated, do not spread ?
|
benign tumors
|
|
undifferentiated, non functional cells, rapid reproduction, infiltrate/spread into lymph nodes or distant sites?
|
malignant
|
|
why is infection likely to occur at tumor site?
|
blood deprivation
|
|
tumor cells release substances that affect neurologic function and may have hormonal effects
example-bronchogenic cancer releases ACTH (cushing's) |
paraneoplastic syndrome
|
|
staging of cancer uses what acronym?
|
Tumor size
Node involvement Metastasis |
|
leading cancer killers in the united states?
|
1. lung
2.colon 3.breast 4.pancreatic 5.prostate |
|
type of skin cancer that is least dangerous, rarely metastasizes?
|
basal cell
|
|
most common cancers in women?
|
breast, lung, colon
|
|
most malignant and lethal skin cancer?
|
melanoma
|
|
raised, dark lesion with irregular borders
|
melanoma
|
|
Causes of hypokalemia?
|
diarrhea, bulimia
diuretics, addison's alcoholism, anorexia insulin, alkalosis |
|
Signs and symptoms of hypokalemia?
|
paresthesia
shallow respirations decreased GI motility dysrhythmias- flat T wave, ST depression |
|
Causes of hyperkalemia?
|
renal failure, lack of aldosterone, diuretics, crush injuries, burns, acidosis
|
|
signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia?
|
paralysis
paresthesia cardiac arrest flat P wave, wide flat QRS, depressed S, ELEVATED WIDE T WAVE (tenting) |
|
causes of metabolic acidosis?
|
diarrhea- loss of bicarb
shock, DKA renal failure-decreased excretion of acids |
|
causes of metabolic alkalosis?
|
vomiting
antacids |
|
causes of respiratory acidosis?
|
drugs (shallow respirations), congestion
copd, emphysema |
|
causes of respiratory alkalosis?
|
hyperventilation-anxiety, aspirin od
|
|
effects of acidosis?
|
headache, lethargy, weakness, confusion, coma, death
|
|
effects of alkalosis?
|
restlessness, muscle twitching, tingling, numbness, tetany, seizures, coma
|
|
agents that cause damage during embryonic development.
|
teratogens
|
|
examples of teratogens?
|
alcohol
cocaine thalidomide mercury radiation TORCH nutritional deficiencies |
|
major effect of teratogens occurs during which weeks of pregnancy?
|
2-8 weeks
|
|
signs of down syndrome?
|
small head
protruding tongue slanted eyes single palmar crease cognitive impairment |
|
trisomy 21?
|
3 chromosomes instead of 2 in the 21st position
|
|
how many chromosomes does a down syndrome person have?
|
47
|
|
monosomy X indicates what disorder?
|
turner's syndrome
|
|
what is monosomy X?
|
occurs when only 1 X chromosome is present and the person has only 45 chromosomes
|
|
polysomy X indicates what disorder?
|
klinefelters
|
|
what is polysomy x?
|
when an extra X chromosome is present (XXY) instead of (XX or XY)
|
|
short stature, webbed neck, broad chest, wide spaced nipples, congenital heart disease, infertile, no puberty
|
characteristics of Turner's syndrome
|
|
long legs, short trunk, shoulder equal to hip size, large breasts, infertility, small amounts of hair, small, firm testicles, tall height
|
characteristics of Klinefelter's syndrome
|
|
which syndrome has a defective gene for a connective tissue protein-fibrillin?
|
Marfan's
|
|
which syndrome usually causes death from ruptured dissecting aneurysms?
|
Marfan's
|
|
Marfan's is what type of genetic disease?
|
autosomal dominant
|
|
results in weak connective tissues of the tendons, heart valves, blood vessels, eyes?
|
Marfan's
|
|
what type of genetic disease is tay sachs?
|
autosomal recessive
|
|
which disease is classified as a liposomal storage disease?
|
Tay Sachs
|
|
In tay sach's disease, the defective gene is on ____ chromosome?
|
15
|
|
Normal til age 6 months
loss of developmental milestones seizures, MR, blindness, cherry red spot, paralysis death by age 3-5 ??? |
Tay Sachs
|
|
what is the hallmark symptom of Tay-sach's?
|
cherry red spot
|
|
Fight or Flight?
|
General Adaptation Syndrome
|
|
3 stages in the stress response?
|
alarm stage
resistance stage stage of exhaustion |
|
alarm stage?
|
body's defenses are mobilized
|
|
resistance stage?
|
hormones peak
|
|
exhaustion stage?
|
body is unable to respond
|
|
effects of norepinephrine?
|
vasoconstriction
|
|
effects of epinephrine?
|
bronchodilation, increase glucose
|
|
effects of aldosterone?
|
retain na and water
increase blood volume increase bp |
|
effects of ADH?
|
increase bp, increase volume
|
|
effects of cortisol?
|
increase glucose
decrease inflammatory response |
|
microcytic hypochromic anemias?
|
thalassemia
iron deficiency |
|
macrocytic, normochromic anemias?
|
b12 deficiency
folic acid deficiency |
|
Iron deficiency anemia?
|
class: microcytic, hypochromic
(low MCV, MCH) etiology: diet, blood loss, impaired absorption, liver disease s/s: pallor, fatigue, cold intolerance, menstrual irregularities |
|
megaloblastic anemias?
|
pernicious
b12 folic acid |
|
pernicious anemia?
|
lack of intrinsic factor, antibodies to parietal cells
|
|
causes of vitamin b12 deficiency anemia?
|
gastrectomy, poor intake, gastritis, gastric atrophy
|
|
folic acid deficiency?
|
poor intake, malabsorption, chemotherapy
|
|
common signs in pernicious and b12 deficiencies?
|
paresthesias and ataxia
|
|
aplastic anemia?
|
normocytic, normochromic
pancytopenia idiopathic bone marrow suppression |
|
s/s of aplastic anemia?
|
infections-leukopenia
bleeding-thrombocytopenia s/s of anemia death by infection |
|
what is hemolytic anemia?
|
destruction of RBC, drop in HgB
|
|
what causes hemolytic anemia?
|
hgb defects
immune reactions malaria transfusion reactions erythroblastosis fetalis |
|
what type of genetic disease is sick cell?
|
autosomal recessive
|
|
symptoms of sickle cell?
|
anemia, jaundice, gallstones, splenomegaly
|
|
types of hemolytic anemias?
|
aplastic
sickle cell thalassemia |
|
which anemia is described as a genetic defect in genes for globin chains of hemoglobin?
|
thalassemia
|
|
thalassemia major signs and symptoms?
|
splenomegaly, hemosiderosis, hepatomegaly, hyperplasia of bone marrow (frontal bossing, malar prominence, hypertelorism)
|
|
increased production of RBC?
|
polycythemia vera
|
|
factors that affect clotting?
|
chemo, radiation, ESRD, aspirin, vit K deficiency, liver disease, coumadin, hemophillia, DIC
|
|
hemophillia A is what type of genetic disease?
|
x linked recessive
|
|
description of DIC?
|
excessive clotting, excessive bleeding
|
|
DIC is a complication of what types of problems?
|
placenta abruption
infections carcinomas major trauma |
|
labs in DIC?
|
prolonged PT, aPTT
low fibrinogen thrombocytopenia |
|
Reed Sternberg cell is seen with what type of lymphoma?
|
Hodgkin's lymphoma
|
|
single-enlarged lymph node?
|
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
|
|
malignant disease of plasma cells with overgrowth of these cells in bone marrow? "moth eaten appearance"
|
Multiple Myeloma
|
|
describe arteriolsclerosis?
|
elasticity is lost
thick/hard walls narrow lumen, obstruction leads to ischemia/necrosis (brain, kidneys, heart) |
|
most common cause of a MI?
|
atherosclerosis
|
|
When does a MI occur?
|
when the coronary artery is totally obstructed
|
|
3 common mechanisms of a MI
|
thrombus
embolus vasospasm |
|
most MI's involve which part of the heart?
|
left ventricle
|
|
is blood to the heart is restored within ____ minutes, damage may be reversible?
|
30 minutes
|
|
Warning signs of a heart attack?
|
1. pressure, heaviness, burning in chest, especially with increased activity
2. sudden SOB, sweating, weakness, fatigue 3. nausea, indigestion 4. anxiety, fear |
|
hallmark sign of a MI?
|
substernal pain radiating to the left arm, shoulder, jaw, or neck
no relief with rest or vasodilators |
|
what is the gold standard for MI?
|
cardiac troponin elevated
|
|
after a heart attack, sudden death may occur due to what?
|
ventricular fibrillation
|
|
complications of a MI?
|
sudden death- v fib
cardiogenic shock-damaged LV CHF cardiac tamponade thromboembolism - CVA or pulmonary embolism if RV MI |
|
treatment for MI?
|
rest
anticoagulants oxygen analgesics thrombolytics |
|
major cause of death in 1st hour after a MI?
|
v fib
|
|
Ventricular Fibrillation?
|
the muscle fibers contract independently and rapidly, often uncoordinated or quivering. This makes the ventricles ineffective in ejecting blood, the lack of cardiac output causes severe hypoxia and contraction ceases
|
|
atrial fibrillation?
|
no filling of the heart, no output
|
|
PVC
|
may induce fibrillation
|
|
total heart block?
|
decrease in output, syncope
|
|
interferes with conduction is one of the bundle branches,doesn't interfere with output?
|
bundle branch block
|
|
stokes adam attack?
|
sudden syncope, may have seizures
|
|
what would you see on an ekg with a third degree heart block?
|
QRS at their own rate, dependent on P wave
|
|
pulmonary disease affects the ___ ventricle first?
|
right
|
|
causes of left sided heart failure?
|
Left ventricle infarction
aortic valve stenosis hypertension hyperthyroidism |
|
effects of left sided heart failure?
|
decreased output
pulmonary congestion |
|
what is the "forward effect" of CHF?
|
when cardiac output or stroke volume decreases
|
|
what is "back up" effect?
|
congestion
|
|
s/s of left sided heart failure?
|
orthopnea
cough sob rales night time dyspnea |
|
differences in right and left sided heart failure?
|
left sided: orthopnea, cough, sob, nocturnal dyspnea, hemoptysis, rales
right sided: edema, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, ascites, distended neck veins, headache, flushed face |
|
left sided congestive heart failure?
|
left ventricle weakens, can't empty
decreased output decreased renal flow stimulates renin system backup of blood into pulmonary vein high pressure in pulmonary capillaries pulmonary congestion |
|
right sided congestive heart failure?
|
right ventricle weakens, can't empty
decreased output decreased renal flow backup of blood in systemic circulation increased pressure=edema in legs, liver, abdomen high pressure causes distended neck veins, cerebral edema |
|
what is cor pulmonale?
|
right sided CHF due to pulmonary disease
|
|
first sign of kids with CHF?
|
feeding difficulty
also have- tripod position for playing, gallop |
|
shunting of blood?
|
blood will always shunt from area of high pressure to low pressure
|
|
left to right shunting is which type of defect?
|
acyanotic
|
|
in left to right shunting, blood from the left side flows back to the right side, which increases blood volume in ______?
|
pulmonary circulation
|
|
right to left shunting is which type of defect?
|
cyanotic
|
|
blood bypasses the lungs and goes into the systemic circulation?
|
right to left shunting
|
|
causes mixing of un-oxygenated blood with oxygenated blood?
|
right to left shunting (cyanotic)
|
|
septal defects?
|
mixing of oxygenated and unoxygenated blood
|
|
valvular defects?
|
interfere with the flow of blood
|
|
most congenital defects can be detected by the presence of???
|
heart murmur
|
|
most common congenital heart defect and known as "hole in heart"
|
ventricular septal defect
|
|
ventricular septal defect causes what type of shunt?
|
left to right (due to the higher pressure in the LV)
acyanotic |
|
4 defects of tetraology of fallot?
|
pulmonary stenosis
vsd RV hypertrophy dextroposition of the aorta over the VSD |
|
most common cyanotic congenital heart disease?
|
tetraology of fallot ("blue babies")
|
|
what happens in tetraology of fallot?
|
1. pulmonary stenosis restricts outflow of blood to RV which causes it to hypertrophy.
2. the pressure in the RV is now higher than the LV which leads to a right to left shunt via VSD. 3. the flow of blood from the RV directly into systemic circulation is promoted by the position of the aorta, over the VSD 4. end result= pulmonary circulation gets small amt of deoxygenated blood from RV and the systemic circulation gets larger amount of mixed blood =great oxygen deficit |
|
acute systemic inflammatory response to infection with group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus?
|
rheumatic heart disease
|
|
rheumatic fever is what type of hypersensitivity?
|
type II hypersensitivity immune reaction
|
|
signs and symptoms of rheumatic fever which indicate cardiac involvement?
|
new murmur
chest pain from pericarditis friction rub |
|
signs and symptoms of rheumatic fever?
|
low grade fever
leukocytosis malaise anorexia fatigue tachycardia chest pain murmur |
|
sites of inflammation from rheumatic heart disease?
|
large joints of extremities
erythema marginatum- pink macules on trunk non tender subcutaneous nodules jerky movements of face, arms, legs- syndenham chorea (st. vitus's dance) |
|
osler's nodes occur with ____?
|
infective endocarditis
|
|
destruction of aveolar walls and septae?
|
COPD-emphysema
|
|
blebs or bullae?
|
advanced emphysema
|
|
bronchiectasis?
|
dilation of walls and allows pooling of secretions
PURULENT FOUL SMELLING SPUTUM |
|
mediastinal flutter?
|
occurs with open pneumothorax
more air enters during inspiration, see a shifting of mediastinum, impairs air entry into unaffected lung, impedes venous return from IVC |
|
results from fractures of ribs, allows ribs to move during inspiration?
|
flail chest
|
|
what causes stale air from a damaged lung to cross into the other lung and mix with new air?
|
flail chest
|
|
lack of surfactant in alveoli?
|
infant respiratory distress syndrome
|
|
laryngotracheobronchitis (croup)
|
cause: influenza/adenovirus
ages: 3mo-3yrs gradual onset barking cough, inspiratory stridor characteristic: steeple sign xray |
|
____ is a sign of pneumococcal pneumonia?
|
rusty sputum
|
|
epiglottitis?
|
caused by influenzae b
round red ball obstruction drooling is seen, inspiratory stidor tripod position |
|
what type of pneumonia causes inflammation of alveolar wall, leakage of cells, fibrin, and fluid into alveoli-causing consolidation, pleura inflammed?
|
lobar pneumonia
|
|
which type of pneumonia causes inflammation and purulent exudate, exudate arising from pooled secretions?
|
bronchopneumonia
|
|
which type of pneumonia causes interstitial inflammation around alveoli and necrosis of bronchial epithelium?
|
interstitial pneummonia (primary atypical)
|
|
which type of pneumonia causes headache, aches, hacking cough?
|
interstitial (pap)
|
|
which type of pneumonia causes productive cough with yellow sputum and dyspnea?
|
bronchopneumonia
|
|
which type of pneumonia causes high fever, chills, rusty sputum, rales or absence of breath sounds?
|
lobar pneumonia
|
|
how is RSV transmitted?
|
oral droplets
|
|
another name for bronchiolitis?
|
RSV
|
|
pathophysiology of RSV?
|
causes necrosis in small bronchi with edema, increased secretions leading to obstruction.
|
|
respiratory and GI problems with cystic fibrosis?
|
lungs-mucus obstructs airflow, atelalectasis, scarring, mucus breeds infections, CLUBBING
GI- steatorrhea, meconium ileus, abdominal distention blockage of pancreatic ducts, obstruction of bile ducts-fat absorption |
|
significance of meconium ileus in cystic fibrosis?
|
in the digestive tract, the 1st indication of abnormality may be a meconium ileus.
small intestine is blocked by mucus at birth, preventing excretion of meconium |
|
cause of cystic fibrosis?
|
autosomal recessive genetic disorder
|
|
patho of cystic fibrosis?
|
defect in chloride transport, affects exocrine glands, causes sticky mucus which obstructs passages
|
|
intrinsic vs extrinsic asthma?
|
intrinsic- exercise, chemicals, smoke
extrinsic-allergen-pollen |
|
immediate response of asthma?
|
antigen reacts with IgE, inflammation, bronchospasm, edema
|
|
delayed response of asthma?
|
eosinophils, leukocytes result in prolonged inflammation, bronchoconstriction, obstruction and hypoxia
|
|
signs and symptoms of asthma?
|
wheezing
pulsus paradoxus (pulse differs on inspiration and expiration) respiratory alkalosis (hyperventilation) |
|
causes of constipation?
|
weakness of smooth muscle
lack of fiber lack of fluids immobility neuro disorders drugs antacids, iron obstructions (tumor, strictures) |
|
when the esophagus is unable to relax after swallowing and causes food to remain there
|
achalasia
|
|
term for a disorderthat makes it difficult to use or control the muscles of the mouth, tongue, larynx, or vocal cords, which make speech.
|
dysarthria
|
|
causes of acute gastritis?
|
infection, allergies, spicy foods, alcohol, aspirin, toxic substances, radiation, chemo
|
|
common sites for peptic ulcers?
|
proximal duodenum
antrum of stomach lower esophagus |
|
what causes pre hepatic jaundice?
|
RBC destruction
|
|
what causes intrahepatic jaundice?
|
liver disease
|
|
what causes posthepatic jaundice?
|
obstruction of bile flow
|
|
how is hep a transmitted?
|
oral-fecal
|
|
how is hep b,c and d transmitted?
|
blood, fluids
|
|
manifestations of liver disease?
|
systemic effects
ascites-aldosterone varices-collateral tremors-ammonia itching-bile salts bleeding-vitamin k |
|
crohn's disease?
|
ileum, inflammation and fibrosis leading to thick rigid wall, can form abscess, fistulas
RLQ tenderness skip lesions |
|
ulcerative colitis?
|
inflammation of rectum and colon
serious complication- toxic megacolon-inflammation impairs peristalsis, obstruction and dilation of colon, risk of colorectal cancer |
|
celiac disease?
|
villi atrophy
malabsorption syndrome-gliadin 1st appears when cereal is added |
|
causes of mechanical bowel obstruction?
|
tumors
adhesions hernias intussusception-telescope volvulus-complete twisting hirschsprung disease |
|
what disease of kidney's is characterized by proteinuria??
|
nephrotic syndrome
|
|
nephrotic syndrome?
|
proteinuria-damage to glomeruli
hypoalbuminemia-loss of protein hypercholesterolemia-liver stimulation edema-hydrostatic pressure drop in bp-loss from vasculature |
|
development of post strep glomerulonephritis?
|
strep infection--antibody formation--complex--acute inflammation--hematuria, albuminuria, congestion and decreased GFR, oliguria, elevated serum urea, elevated bp, edema,
|
|
**What are the causes of hydronephrosis??
|
occurs as a complication of kidney stones, tumors, scar tissue, prostate enlargement
|
|
causes renal calculi?
|
hypercalcemia
alkaline urine inadequate fluid intake hyperuricemia |
|
causes of acute renal failure?
|
bilateral kidney disease
heart failure septic shock, crush injuries nephrotoxins |
|
causes of chronic renal failure?
|
chronic kidney disease
polycystic kidney disease nephrotoxins |
|
signs of ESRF?
|
azotemia
anemia acidosis |
|
early sign of renal failure?
|
increased output
|
|
non pitting edema of the face and extremities, thickening of the tongue, due to accumulation of mucopolysaccharides in tissues, associated with hypothyroidism??
|
myxedema
|
|
complications of hypothryoidism?
|
myxedema coma: hypotension, hypoglycemia, hypothermia, LOC, lfie threatening
|
|
which endocrine disorder causes deficit of glucocorticoids, high risk of infection, poor stress response, weight loss, fatigue, hyperpigmentation??
|
Addison's
|
|
which endocrine disorder causes excess glucocorticoids, moon face, buffalo hump, muscle wasting, striae, hypertension?
|
cushing's
|
|
excess cortisol?
|
cushings
|
|
cortisol deficit?
|
addisons
|
|
hormonal imbalance in diabetes insipidus?
|
deficit of ADH- pee too much
|
|
which endocrine disease causes excess GH, broad, heavy bones, enlarged hands, feet, thicker skull??
|
acromegaly
|
|
most common cause of hyperthyroidism?
|
graves disease (toxic goiter)
|
|
signs and symptoms of graves disease?
|
increased body temp
sweating soft silky hair insomnia |
