PBL Conglomerate

"Mosaic" irregular/lamellar bone would be seen in which phase of Paget's disease?

"Stop sign" shaped crystals in urine

"Swan neck" deformity of fingers + ulnar deviation of hands = ?

>95% seropositive after MMRV if >12mos age and lifelong protection against rubella is conferred with?

2 or more of the following: fever (T>38°C) or hypothermia (T< 36°C), tachycardia (HR>90), tachypnea (RR>20), leukocytosis (WBC>12,000 or differential w/ >10% bands). TOW?

3 zones of adrenal cortex and their products

A man, who practices “sex with another man”, has antibodies to HIV (ELISA and WB) but asymptomatic. TOW?

A pen-allergy, non-pregnant, female pt w/ fever, "copper penny" macular lesions on the palms or soles; RPR(+) should be

A pregnant woman with 1o symptomatic HSV-2 infection is at risk of her baby developing

A woman with obstetric infection has fever > 102oF, SBP < 90; diffuse sunburn-like rash or desquamation of palms and soles; multisystem Sx/Sns; vomiting, and diarrhea; BLCx (-). TOW?

A1a-selective blocker with no effects on HTN used for BPH*

Abdominal layer continuous with cremasteric fascia

Abdominal layer continuous with external spermatic fascia

Abdominal layer continuous with internal spermatic fascia

ABVD regimen used for Hodgkins Disease, but appears less likely to cause sterility and secondary malignancies than MOPP

ACE inhibitors are contraindicated in *

Acetaminophen only has

Aceullular structure underlying basement membrane of cornea

Acid/base effect of acetazolamide

Acid/base effect of loop diuretics

Acid/base effect of thiazides

Activation of these receptors close Ca2+ ion channels to inhibit neurotransmitter release

Activation of these receptors open K+ ion channels to cause membrane hyperpolarization

Activation of this receptor causes improved regulation of genes for carbohydrate and lipid metabolism

Additional drug useful in HER-2 positive breast cancers

Additional SE of TMP-SMX in AIDS patients

Adrenal hormone NOT synthesized in the fasiculata

Adrenal hormone whose production is DECREASED in adrenogenital syndrome

Adrenal tumor Cushing's and Conn's disease: Effect on opposite adrenal gland?

Advantage of 3rd gen over 1st gen cephalosporins

Affect of papillary carcinoma on thyroid function

Affect of PTH on phosphate excretion

Age groups for osteoid osteoma

Age range and location within bone for enchondroma

Age range for Ewing

Age range for giant-cell tumors

Age, location, history of nodular fasciitis

Agent similar to cisplatin, less nephrotoxic, but greater myelosuppression

Agent used for closure of patent ductus arteriosus

Agent used in shock because it dilates coronary arteries and increases renal blood flow

Agent which stimulates cardiac contractile force more than rate with little effect on total peripheral resistance

Agents that block L-type calcium channel

Agents that reduce heart rate, contractility, and O2 demand*

Alkylating agent, vesicant that causes tissue damage with extravasation

All opioids except this agent (which has a muscarinic blocking action) cause pupillary constriction

All sex partners of pt with chancroid, regardless of symptoms, should be examined and treated with

Almost all local anesthetics have this property and sometimes require the administration of vasoconstrictors (ex. Epinephrine) to prolong activity

Alpha 1 agonist toxicity

Alpha 1-selective blockers*

Alpha agonist used to produce mydriasis and reduce conjunctival itching and congestion caused by irritation or allergy, it does not cause cycloplegia

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor associated with elevation of LFT's

Alternate name for crescentic glomerulonephritis

Alternate name for MEN Type I

Alternate name for minimal change disease

Alternate name for osteochondroma

Alternate name for osteopetrosis

Alternate name for Paget disease of bone

Alternate name for primary chronic adrenocortical insufficiency

Alternate name for somatomedin C

Alternate name for subacute granulomatous thyroiditis

Alternate name for type II embranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

Alternate name for vital capacity

Alternate names for MEN IIA and IIB

Amino acid derivative, active as an insulin secretagogue *

Aminoglycosides used with loop diuretics potentiate what adverse effect?

Amyloid stroma is a common feature of what thyroid tumor

An older woman with PID and tubo-ovarian abscess receives ceftriaxone, azythromycin, and metronidazole because

Analog of hypoxanthine, needs HGPRTase for activation

Anatomical abnormality in empty sella

Anemia caused by trimethoprim

Angiotensin receptor blockers do NOT cause *

Anion gap in acidosis from diarrhea

Anti gout drug that inhibits microtubular polymerization

Anti-androgen used for prostate cancer

Anti-biotic frequently used for chronic UTI prophylaxis

Antibody marker seen in sarcomas

Anticancer drug also used in RA, produces acrolein in urine that leads to hemorrhagic cystitis

Antidote for acetaminophen toxicity

Antidote for acrolein toxicity from cycophosphamide

Anti-emetics used in association with anti-cancer drugs that are 5-HT3 (serotonin receptor subtype ) antagonists

Anti-estrogen used for estrogen receptor + breast cancer

Antifungal agent used for inhibition of all gonadal and adrenal steroids

Anti-HTN med recommended in pregnant patient

Anti-malarial drug used in rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

Anti-microbials that cause hemolysis in G6PD-deficient patients

Antiprogestin used as potent antagonist of GC receptor

Anti-rheumatic agent also used for Chron's disease

Anti-rheumatic agent also used for ulcerative colitis

Apoprotein cofactor of lipoprotein lipase

Appearance and location of giant-cell tumor

Appearance of cells in Ewing sarcoma

Appearance of fibrous dysplasia of bone

Appearance of nuclei in papillary carcinoma of thyroid

Aromatase inhibitor used in breast cancer

Arterial vasodilator that works by opening K+ channels

Artery to small intestine

Asbestosis: obstructive or restrictive

Aspirin is contraindicated in children with viral infection

Assuming steady state, at 25% GFR, creatinine levels and excretion would be?

Auxotrophic strains of N. gonorrhoeae with serum (complements) resistance are likely to cause

Available bisphosphonates

B-blockers that are more cardioselective

Benzodiazepine receptor antagonist, it accelerates recovery from benzodiazepine overdose

Benzodiazepine used adjunctively in anesthesia

Beta 1 agonist toxicity

Beta 2 agonist toxicity

Beta 2 agonist used to suppress premature labor, but cardiac stimulatory effects may be hazardous to mother and fetus

Beta-blockers should be used cautiously in

Better ventilated: upper or lower lung

Biguanide

Bilateral pheochromocytomas means?

Biopsy characteristic of lyme

Birefringence of monosodium urate crystals

Bisphosphonates that cannot be used on continuous basis because it caused osteomalacia

Bladder outlet obstruction increases risk of?

Bleomycin+vinblastine+etoposide+cisplatin produce almost a 100% response when all agents are used for this neoplasm

Blood supply of retinal receptor layer

Blood supply to stomach

Blows DNA (breaks DNA strands), limiting SE is pulmonary fibrosis

Blue sclera, dumbell teeth, hearing loss, mutliple fractures. Dx?

Blunted calyces =

BMP calcium levels: free, bound, or total?

Bone cell mutated in osteopetrosis. What can't it do?

Bone condition at risk in Cushing's

Bone lesion has excessive osteoclasts and fibroblast proliferation. Likely dx?

Bone tumor in child with closely packed, primitive cells with small nuclei. Dx?

Bone tumor with "soap bubble" xray appearance

Bony attachments of inguinal ligament

Bony outgrouth with a cartilagenous cap. Dx?

Both postinfectious glomerulonephritis and membranous glomerulopathy can have IgG + C3 deposits. How can you differentiate?

Both thickening and thinning and glomerular basement membrane = ?

Boundaries of Hesselbach’s triangle

Branches of celiac artery

C3 nephritic factor is present in

Cancer risk increased with Hashimoto thyroiditis

Cancer ruled out by negative low and high dose dexamethasone suppression test

Cancer with increased risk in analgesic nephropathy patients

Captopril and enalapril (-OPRIL ending) are *

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor*

Cardioselective Beta 1-blockers *

Casts seen in ischemic ATN

Cause of "bull headed clap", urethral stricture, prostatitis is

Cause of anogenital warts w/ histology (+): koilocytes is

Cause of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) on pap smear w/ no clinical signs of infection is

Cause of bacteremia in neutopenic pts with central line or pts with prosthetic devices and catheters; blood culture (+)

Cause of chronic, vertebral osteomyelitis (blood culture negative)?

Cause of deeper and wider lesions with interconnecting subcutaneous abscesses arising from infection of several neighboring hair follicles, in young children.

Cause of fever, chills, malaise, joint pain, swelling. PE: tenderness, erythema, heat, swelling, decreased ROM. CBC: leukocytosis w/ neutrophils predominating; joint aspirate: no crystals.
Clue1: sexually active; BLCx (-); responds to ceftriaxone Think of other pathogens (BLCx negative):
Clue2: Rheumatoid arthritis?
Clue3: IVDU?
Clue4: Unpasteurized dairy products
Clue5: Diabetes

Cause of genital chancre, begining as a papule, ulcerating to form a single, painless, clean-based ulcer.

Cause of intraabdominal abscess w/ putrid pus; anaerobic bacteremia in pt with trauma or solid GI tumor?

Cause of koilocytotic cells and possible progression to squamous cell carcinoma

Cause of mucopurulent urethritis, dysuria, penile pruritis [Smear (+):Gram-negative diplococci co-populated w/ PMNs] is

Cause of osteomyelitis in pt w/ underlying sickle cell Dz; blood culture +)?

Cause of osteomyelitis in pt. w/ hx of cat bites; GNSR; fastidious growth of wound culture?

Cause of painful genital ulcers; purulent, grey base; painful inguinal adenitis, in a sexually promiscuous man

Cause of permanent neonatal diabetes

Cause of rare genital ulcers, inguinal lymphadenopathy [cytology(-) for multi-nucleated giant cells; RPR (-)] in men is

Cause of S4 heart sound

Cause of scattered petechial hemorrhage + edema in kidneys

Cause of severe pain on his knee w/ site of injury is tender and erythematous. Blood culture may yield?

Cause of severe, watery diarrhea in a woman with toxic shock syndrome?

Cause of single or multiple scaly and/or crusted patches and/or plaques, affecting the scalp or beard area +/- inflammation.

Cause of spreading (butterfly-wing) erythema on the face that responds to empirical penicillin.

Cause of subcutaenous lesions w/ slow spread by lymphatic system producing nodules in a gardener, or from rose-thorn injury.

Cause of superficial pustules progressing to erosions covered by honey-colored crusts, surrounded by erythematous halo, in young children.

Cause of toxic shock syndrome, which responds to vancomycin and clindamycin?

Cause of vertebral, sternoclavicular or pelvic bone infections (in pt w/ IVDU) or osteochondritis of foot (following penetrating injuries through tennis shoes)?

Causes bone marrow suppression

Causes of type II crescentic glomerulonephritis

Causes of type III crescentic glomerulonephritis

Causitive organism of ostemyelitis more likely in sickle cell patients

CCB contraindicated in CHF *

CCB with predominate effect on arteriole dilation

CCS chemotherapeutic acting in late S/early G0 via interactions with topoisomerase II

Cell type in medullary carcnioma of the thyroid

Cell type osteosarcomas are derived from

Cell types infiltrating to cause insulitis in Type I diabetes

Cells in giant-cell bone tumors resemble?

Cells that are hypofunction in osteoarthritis

Characteristic EM finding of minimal change disease

Characteristic history of an osteoid osteoma

Child eats meat then has dark urine/stool + glomerular thrombi. Dx?

Child w/ nephrotic syndrome and NO other findings. Likely dx?

Child with hx of multiple fractures, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, multiple CN palsies. Likely dx?

Child with steroid-responsive nephrotic syndrome. Likely dx?

Chronic orthostatic hypotension can be treated with

Class of drugs that may cause cross-sensitivity with thiazide diuretics.

Classes of diabetic drugs unlikely to cause hypoglycemia when used alone

Classic lesions in diabetic nephropathy

Clinically important organs for portacaval anastomoses

Combining metformin and alcohol incrases the risk of?

Common cause of cutaneous mycosis with animal contact

Common cause of hemolytic-uremic syndrome

Common locations of rhabdomyosarcoma

Common SE of spironolactone

Common SE of sulfonylureas, repaglinide, and nateglinide

Common side effect of beta 2 agonists (when used systemically)

Common toxicities of cisplatin

Commonly abused local anesthetic which has cardiovascular toxicity including severe hypertension with cerebral hemorrhage, cardiac arrhythmias, and myocardial infarction

Communication between greater and lesser sacs

Co-morbidity common with autoimmune adrenalitis

Competitive inhibitor of glucocorticoid receptors

Compliance in emphysema

Compliance in restrictive lung disease

Compliance in surfactant deficiency

Composition of staghorn calculi

Condition causing deposition of homogentisic acid (ochronis) into large joints

Condition in which fluid accumulates in processus vaginalis

Condition with antithyroid peroxidase antibodies

Conditions where fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 mutations are seen

Connection from bladder to umbilicus in child = ?

Connective tissue tumor with glistening, gray-blue appearance

Consequence of achondroplasia

Constant proportion of cell population killed rather than a constant number

Converts asparagine to aspartate and ammonia, denies cancer cells of essential AA (asparagine)

COX 2 inhibitors may have reduced risk of

COX 2 inhibitors should be used cautiously in pts with

COX-2 selective decrease GI toxicity but increase risk of?

Cytokine released when monosodium urate crystals are phagocytized

Dark urine + sensorineural hearing loss + corneal erosions

Deficiency in serum factors in a female pt w/ frequent gonorrhea and DGIs is

Define pulmonary physiologic shunt

Define: tubulorrhexis

Dermatome around nipple

Dermatome to suprapubic area

Dermatome to umbilical area

Describe expiratory flow curve in restrictive lung disease

Describe malacoplakia. What setting does it normally occur?

Describe Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

Destructive lesion in vertebra + abscess along psoas muscle. Dx?

Dexamethasone + this drug is a very effect antiemesis treatment for chemotherapy

Difference between and osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma

Difference between aspirin and other NSAIDS

Difference between total ventilation and alveolar ventilation

Difference of floroquinolone mechanism in gram + vs gram -

Differentiation of Staphylococcus saprophyticus from S. epidermidis (both coagulase negative) is based on

Dimorphic fungus that grows at 37°C as cigar-shaped yeast, and produces septate hyphae and conidia (in daisy arrangement) at 25°C is

Direct vasodilator of arteriolar smooth muscle

Disease predisposing to pseudogout

Disease where HGPRT is deficient and its symptoms

Distal radius fracture in an eldery person: more likely Paget's or osteoporosis?

Diuretic most likely to cause syncope

Diuretic that gives paresthesias and GI upset, especially when used chronically

Diuretic used for mountain sickness and glaucoma*

Diuretic used to antagonize aldosterone receptors

Diuretic used to treat primary aldosteronism *

Diuretic which can cause initial water retention and hyponatremia

DMARDs are slow acting drugs for

DNA polymerase inhibitor used in leukemias

Do loop diuretics and thiazides cause greater excretion of Na or K?

DOC for malignant hyperthermia that may be caused by use of halogenated anesthetics

DOC for streptococcal toxic shock syndrome

DOC of bacterial vaginosis is

DOC of most frequent cause of nongonococcal urethritis

DOC of sporotrchosis

DOC to treat UTI in pregnant women is

Does estrogen act through osteoblasts, osteoclasts, or both?

Drug ofter used in combination with TNF - alpha inhitors for RA

Drug to use for edema + metabolic alkalosis

Drug used concurrently with toxic anticancer agents to reduce renal precipitation of urates

Drug used in cancer therapy causes Cushing-like symptoms

Drugs available in combination with metformin

Ducts that join to form common bile duct

Duration of action of crystalline zinc insulin

Duration of action of insulin glargine and lispro

Dx of mucopurulent urethral discharge, dysuria, penile pruritis is based on

Dysfunction of podocyte slit diaphragm apparatus is seen with which glomerular lesion?

Dz characterized by bullae and denuded areas after the blisters rupture, covered by thin, varnish-like light brown crusts; regional lymphadenopathy, in children.
DOC if lab: gram stain and culture of pus or base of the lesions yields GPC in chains.
DOC if lab: gram stain and culture of pus or base of the lesions yields GPC in clusters.

Dz giving increased predisposition to papillary necrosis following acute pyelonophritis

Dz is characterized by arthritis in up to 6 joints (especially knees, feet), low back pain/stiffness, irritable eyes w/ or w/o redness, conjunctivitis, iritis, malaise. TOW?
Caused by:
Clue1: sexually acquired
Clue2: non-sexually acquired

Dz w/ subcutaenous lesions w/ slow spread by lymphatic system producing nodules in a gardener, or from rose-thorn injury.

Easiest way to differentiate osteosarcoma from Ewing sarcoma

Easiest way to exclude renal failure as a cause of hyperparathyroidism

Easiest way to segregate ARPKD from multicystic renal dysplasia

Easiest way to segregate pancreatic adenocarcinoma versus islet cell tumor

Effect of acidosis on free Calcium. Why?

Effect of acromegaly of serum glucose

Effect of ACTH on total cholesterol

Effect of antacids on flouroquinolones bioavailability

Effect of beta blockers on renin release

Effect of Conn syndrome on corticotropin levels

Effect of decreased serum protein on interstitial fluid pressure and lymphatic flow

Effect of efferent arteriolar constriction on peritubular capillary pressure

Effect of emphysemia on total lung capacity

Effect of GH on carbohydrate utilization

Effect of glucagon on muscle

Effect of hyperglycemia on GFR. Why?

Effect of hyperkalemia of EKG

Effect of hypothyroidism on cholesterol levels

Effect of parasympathetic nerves on lungs

Effect of propylthiouracil on thyroid products and size

Effect of PTH on Mg excretion

Effect of reduction to 25% of nephrons on sodium excretion and creatinine filtration

Effect of schistosomiasis on bladder

Effect of selective COX-2 inhibitors on platelets

Effect of sympathetic nerves on lungs

Effect of T4 on physiologic growth

Effect of vitamin D on phosphate levels

Effect on GFR of renal artery pressure decrease from 120 to 80

Effects of isoproterenol on systolic/diastolic blood pressures and HR

EKG abnormality with calcium channel blockers

Elastic recoil in emphysema

Elastic recoil in restrictive lung disease

Eliminaiton method of most flouroquinolones

Embryologic origin of craniopharyngioma

Empiric DOC to treat community-acquired UTI in adults is

Endocrine product of neuroblastoma, urine test used

Endogenous insulin contains

Endotoxin that mounts pro-inflammatory cytokines, responsible for endotoxic shock, is

Enzyme blocked by SMX

Enzyme blocked by TMP

Enzyme causing converstion of glucose to sorbitol

Enzyme deficient in salt-wasting form of adrenogenital syndrome

Enzyme inhibited for 5-FU

Epinephrine is often mixed with a local anesthetic to

Examples of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (AGI)

Exogenous insulin contains *

Exposure to arylamines (ex: aniline dyes, beta-naphthylamine) increases risk of?

Factor favoring bacterial persistence/colonization and UTI despite high osmolarity and urea concentrations and low pH is

Fastidious organism in the infiltrate of the penile ulcer, co-localized with neutrophils and fibrin, in a pt w/ chancroid is

Fatty replacement of pancreas. Dx?

FEV1/FVC ratio in obstructive and restrictive lung diseases

FEV1/FVC ratio in old age

Fibrinoid necrosis in kidney arterioles is typical of?

First generation sulfonylurea

First line tx for Paget's disease

Fluoride released by metabolism of this inhaled anesthetic may cause renal insufficiency

Focal segmental: presents with nephritic or nephrotic?

Follicular adenoma: usually hot or cold nodules

For a patient with complicated UTI, once culture and sensitivity available, switch to what?

For rebound HTN from rapid clonidine withdrawal

Formula and normal value for anion gap

Formula for forced vital capacity

Four main actions of NSAIDS

Four symptoms of aspirin toxicity

Frequency of exopthalmos in graves disease

Fuel source preferentially used when GH is secreted

Function of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT)

Function of Vasopressin 1 vs 2 receptors

Gene and encoded protein in ARPKD

Gene lost in 80% of sporadic clear cell carcinomas

Generation of ceftriaxone

Genes and encoded protein in ADPKD

Genetic defect in Alport

Genetic defects in glomerular basement membrane structure = ?

Genital chancre begins as a papule, ulcerates to form a single, painless, clean-based ulcer. TOW?

Genotype very strongly associated with seronegative spondyloarthropathies

GH secretion: stimulated by hyper or hypoglycemia?

GI consequence of Cushing's

Giemsa stain of fluid from a herpetic lesion should reveal

Give dx based on microscopic appearance: papillary projection in thyroid follicles lined by tall columnar epithelial cells, stromal lymphoid aggregates,

Give dx based on microscopic appearance: thyoid with nests of cell in congo red-positive hyaline stroma

Give dx based on microscopic appearance: Thyroid Follicular destruction with lymphoid aggregates and Hurthle cell metaplasia

Give dx based on microscopic appearance: Thyroid Follicular destruction with presence of giant cells

Give dx based on microscopic appearance: thyroid with enlarged follicles and flattened epithelial cells

Give the following for RA: small joint or large joints, unilateral or bilateral, symmetric or asymmetric?

Give the three types of crescentic glomerulonephritis

Glomerular lesion seen with goodpastures

Glucagon levels in type 2 diabetes

GNAS1 mutations are common in what endocrine tumor?

Gout drug that pregnant women should not use

Gram stain of vaginal discharge w/ fishy odor from a pt w/ vaginal pruritis but no erythema and normal cervix should reveal

Gram-positive bacteria that cause uncomplicated UTI in sexually active, young women are

Greatest risk factor for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder

Heaviest site of GI calcium absorption

Hereditary tendency of graves disease:

Histologic feature characteristic of tuberculous arthritis

HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR4 are seen with?

Homozygous for deletions in what gene renders resistance to infection and some protection against progression.

Hormone production reduced in 11 hydroxylase deficiency

Hormone production reduced in 17 alpha hydroxylase deficiency

Hormone production reduced in 21 hydroxylase deficiency

Hormone useful in treatment of beta blocker induced cardiac depression

Hormone which causes can hyperpigmentation in Cushing's

Hormone, other than cortisol, which ACTH plays a roll in regulating

Host cells that trap HIV and mediate the efficient transinfection of CD4+ T cells are

Host factor favoring bacterial persistence/colonization and UTI despite frequent voiding and high urinary flow is

Host factor favoring bacterial persistence/colonization and UTI is

Host-cell receptor for HIV-1 infection

How to differentiate between 21 vs 11 hydroxylase deficiency

How to differentiate between MEN 2A versus 2B

How to differentiate between toxic multinodular goiter versus toxic follicular adenoma

How to measure vital capacity

HTN emergency drug with long duration of action

Hx of fever > 38.9oC, SBP < 90 ; diffuse sunburn-like rash or desquamation of palms and soles, in a man w/ necrotizing fasciitis or myositis; multisystem involvement; BLCx (+). TOW?

Hx of fever, chills, and hypotension. Blood culture yields a GNR, oxidase (-), lactose fermenting organism on MacConkey agar. Immunological mediators of sepsis.

Hx of flu-like illness, lymphadenopathy, maculopapular rash in a bisexual man. Lab: lymphopenia and transaminase elevations; monospot/all serology (-). TOW?

Hx of mononucleosis-like illness and lymphadenopathy in a man who has sex w men. Serology (-). What is HIV viral load?

Hx of painful clustered vesicles with an erythematous base; urinary retention in a woman w multiple sex partners. TOW?

Hx of sudden fever ≥ 39°C , homogeneous vesiculo- pustular rash (unlike common viral exanthems) in multiple pts is caused by

Hx of systemic Sx/Sn w/ cervical motion tenderness in a woman with turbo-ovarian abscess. TOW?

Hydralazine MOA

Hyperglycemic agent that increases cAMP and results in glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, reverses hypoglycemia, also used to reverse severe betablocker overdose and smooth muscle relaxation

Hyperosmolar coma: more likely type I or II diabetes

If a patient with complicated UTI is severely ill or not improving with therapy, do what rapid test next?

If a unilateral adrenal cortical adenoma is present, but the opposite gland is NOT atrophied, what do you know?

If patient has Cushing's syndrome plus feminization, where is the tumor probably located?

IgG + C3 granular deposition and electron-dense subepithelial humps. Likely dx?

Immune complex deposition in membranous glomerulopathy: steroid responsive?

Immune evasion of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in frequent mucosal infection is due to

Important in muscle and adipose tissue for glucose transport across muscles and TG storage by lipoprotein lipase activation

Important in synthesis of glucose to glycogen in the liver

In elderly or pt with risks of urinary stasis, fever, chills, flank pain, and CVA tenderness; Lab: pyuria, casts, nitrite+. TOW?

Incidence of hyoglycemia with metformin

Increase bone density, also being tested for breast CA prophylaxis

Increased anion gap usually means?

Infection at increased risk when type I diabetic enters ketoacidosis

Inferior border of epiploic foramen

Inferior extent of lung at mid-axillary line

Inferior extent of lung at mid-clavicular line

Inferior extent of lung posteriorly

Inferior extent of pleura at mid-axillary line

Inferior extent of pleura at mid-clavicular line

Inferior extent of pleura posteriorly

Inhaled anesthetic causes peripheral vasodilation

Inhaled anesthetic that may sensitize the myocardium to arrhythmogenic effects of catecholamines and has produced hepatitis

Inhaled anesthetic with a low blood/gas partition coefficient

Inhaled anesthetic, less likely to lower blood pressure than other agents, and has the smallest effect on respiration

Inhaled anesthetics are myocardial depressants

Inhaled anesthetics metabolized by liver enzymes which has a major role in the toxicity of these agents

Inheitence of Lesch-Nyhan

Inheritance pattern of MODY

Inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) *

Inhibit synaptic activity of primary afferents and spinal cord pain transmission neurons

Inhibits conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone therefore inhibiting corticosteroid synthesis

Initial DMARD of choice for patients with RA

Initial thyroid enlargement and hyperfunction followed by progressive atrophy. Dx?

Innermost layer of cornea, underlies endothelium

Innervation of costal pleura

Innervation of mediastinal pleura

Interact with microtubules (but unlike vinca which prevent disassembly of tubules), it stabilizes tubulin and cells remain frozen in metaphase

Interaction with this drug requires dose reduction of 6-MP

Interferes with activity of T-lymphocytes

Intermediate acting glucocorticoids

Invasion pattern of parathyroid carcinoma

Inversely related to potency of anesthetics

Is fibrous dysplasia more often monostotic or polystotic?

Is renin release stimulated by beta 1 or 2?

IV barbiturate used as a pre-op anesthetic

IV Drug used Hypertensive Crisis

IV hypertensive emergency drug that acts through G-protein receptors

Joint disease with pannus formation

Joint stiffness in morning: RA or osteoarthritis?

Key features of maintenance phase of acute tubular necrosis

Key features of recovery phase of acute tubular necrosis

Kidney problems + positive C-ANCA?

Kidneys appearance in SLE nephritis

Kidneys are shrunken, unequal with deep, irregular surface scars. Likely Dx?

KOH prep of scales from the scalp and plucked hairs from cutaneous mycoses may reveal?

Lacrimation, rhinorrhea, yawning, sweating, weakness, gooseflesh, nausea, and vomiting, tremor, muscle jerks, and hyperpnea are signs of this syndrome

Layer of fat under renal fascia

LDL goals in diabetic

Lesions in MEN IIA

Lethal in utero variant of osteogenesis imperfecta and the gene effected

Level where arch of aorta is continuous with descending aorta

Level where ascending aorta is continuous with arch of aorta

Ligament that contains portal vein, hepatic artery and bile duct

Ligand causing differentiation of macrophages into oscteoclasts

Likely cause of eosinophil in urine

Likely cause of unexpected death in ADPKD

Likely dx for high prolactin + hypernatremia

Likely dx for painless hematuria in older adult

Likely dx in patient with HTN, bilaterally small kidneys, and no significant history of symptoms

Local anesthetic causing methemoglobinemia

Local anesthetic with vasoconstrictive property, favored for head, neck, and pharyngeal surgery

Location of adrenal gland

Location of initial pain of appendicitis

Location of most tubular injuly in ischemic ATN

Location of organ of Zuckerkandl and tumor that arises from it

Long acting glucocorticoids

Long acting insulin *

Long acting sympathomimetic, sometimes used to improve urinary continence in children and elderly with enuresis

Longer acting Beta 2 agonist is recommended for prophylaxis of asthma

Longer acting local anesthetics which are less dependent on vasoconstrictors

Loops lose and thiazide diuretics retain *

Losartan and valsartan block *

Lyme disease: big joints or small joints?

Lymphatic drainage of kidney

Main component of cholymicrons

Main effect on urine when significant number of nephrons are lost

Main location of HCO3 absorption and H+ secretion

Main nuclei where ADH is formed

Main serum abnormalities in maintenance phase of ATN

Main serum abnormalities in recovery phase of ATN

Main serum abnormality in initiation phase of ATN

Major antiphagocytic virulence factor of drug-resistant organism that causes osteomyelitis is

Major neutrophil-damaging virulence factor of drug- resistant organism that causes osteomyelitis is

Major SE of bisphosphonates

Major SE of insulin

Major structures of bed of stomach

Make up of a Dupuytren contraction lesion

Management choice of tabes dorsalis (10-20yrs), iritis, uveitis, or Argyll-Robertson pupils in a pregnant woman w/ pen allergy; RPR(+) is

Mast cells to reduce release of hisamine and inflammatory mediators

Material for an enchondroma

Maximum amount of filtered sodium absorbed in DCT

May protect against doxorubicin toxicity by scavenging free radicals

mecA (SCC) genes which encode PBP2a, w/ low affinity for β-lactams; confers resistance in Staphylococcus aureus against what?

Mechanism by which osteoprotegerin decrease bone resorption

Mechanism by which Vit D increases calcium absorption in the gut

Mechanism of action of a po DOC of vulvovaginal candidiasis is

Mechanism of cataract formation in diabetics

Mechanism of disorientation in SIADH?

Mechanism of increased atherosclerosis in diabetics

Mechanism of muscle weakness in SIADH

Mechanism of neovascularization in diabetic retinopathy

Mechanism of neuropathy in diabetics

Medullar sponge kidney: usually unilateral or bilateral?

Meglitinide class of drugs

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis: more likely adult or child?

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis: more likely nephritic or nephrotic?

Membranous glomeruonephritis: more likely nephritic or nephrotic?

MEN syndrome with the "three P's." Name them

MEN with Marfanoid appearance

Metaplastic calcification form over a soft-tissue injury, decreases in size over time. Dx?

Metastasis potential of desmoid tumor

Method of feedback of ADH secretion

Methyldopa is contraindicated in*

MHC Class II alleles seen with type 1 diabetes

Microbial (structure) factor favoring bacterial persistence /colonization and UTI is

Microscopic appearance of craniopharyngioma

Microscopic appearance of synovial sarcoma

Microscopic pattern of Wilms tumor

Microtubule inhibitor that causes peripheral neuropathy, foot drop (eg. ataxia), and "pins and needles" sensation

Mineralocorticoids

Minimum number of colonies to diagnose UTI instead of just contamination

MOA of AGI's (alpha-glucosidase inhibitors)

MOA of amphetamines and tyramine

MOA of Bisphosphonates

MOA of both generations

MOA of cinaclet

MOA of cisplatin

MOA of general anesthetics

MOA of Leflunomide (newer agent)

MOA of local anesthetics (LA's)

MOA of Loop Diuretics

MOA of metformin

MOA of nateglinide

MOA of NSAIDS

MOA of paclitaxel and docetaxel

MOA of probenecid

MOA of quinolones

MOA of repaglinide

MOA of sodium polystyrene sulfonate

MOA of sulfonamides

MOA of thiazide diuretics

MOA of thiazolindinediones

Mode of acquisition of uropathogen is

Moderate opioid agonists

Molecule who is cyclized to make ring structure of cholesterol

More at risk for Sheehan syndrome: anterior or posterior pituatary?

More potent: cipro or levofloxacin?

Most common benign bone tumor

Most common cause of Addison disease (assume NOT a TB-rich country)

Most common cause of cutaneous mycoses

Most common cause of mucopurulent endocervical exudate (Gram stain non revealing) in a woman w multiple sex partners

Most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults

Most common cause of primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism

Most common cause of SIADH

Most common causes (not the organism, the cause) of UTI in women

Most common enzyme deficient in adrenogenital syndrome

Most common location of neuroblastoma

Most common pineal tumor in children and adults

Most common renal cystic disease in fetus, infant

Most common renal neoplasm in children

Most common sarcoma in adulthood and its location

Most common side for indirect inguinal hernia

Most common Thyroid malignancy

Most common type of hernia

Most common type of post-irradiation soft-tissue sarcoma

Most commonly abused opiods in health care professionals

Most effect way to prevent osteoporosis

Most external layer of retina

Most frequent cause of chronic pyelonephritis

Most frequent complication of gonococcal (GC) infection in men

Most frequent presentation symptom of empty sella

Most H+ is secreted in exchange for?

Most important potential SE of metformin

Most important toxic effects of most local anesthetics

Most inferior portion of peritoneal cavity in females

Most inhaled anesthetics SE

Most likely causative organism of Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome

Most likely cause of fever/chills/ night sweats, localizing pain/tenderness or swelling/erythema (lab: ↑ESR, ↑CRP; ↑WBC w/ left shift. Radiology: periosteal elevation.) is

Most likely cause of foot process fusion in minimal change disease

Most likely dx for solitary cold nodule in younger person

Most medullary carcinomas (80%) are sporadic, name two other times they are seen

Most often presenting age range for clear cell carcinoma

Most patients with goiter: hypo, hyper, or euthyroid

Motor innervation of diaphragm

Mucormycosis is at increased risk when diabetics enter:

Mutation associated with papillary variant of renal cell carcinoma

Mutation in AIRE gene causes:

Mutation in MODY2

Mutation in MODY3

Mutation seen in "toxic" follicular adenoma

Mutations seen in 30% of papillary thyroid carcinomas; What family are these genes in?

Na excretion rate in Conn's, compared to normal

Name a recently discovered type I diabetes polymorphism

Name a recently discovered type II diabetes polymorphism

Name an ADH antagonist

Name for an adrenal cortical adenoma secreting aldosterone

Name for bilateral adrenocortical hemorrhage following Neisseria Meningitidis infection

Name for calcification in necrotic tissues

Name for vitamin D deficiency bone disease in adults

Name four things that can shift potassium into cells

Name some drugs which can cause drug-induced interstitial nephritis

Name the four seronegative spondyloarthropathies

Name the three phases of acute tubular necrosis

Name the two distinctive vascular lesions of malignant HTN

Name two plant alkaloid chemotherapeutics

Names of three bisphosphonates available IV

Neck irradiation predisposes to what thyroid cancer?

Necrolytic migrating erythema (a skin rash) is found with what endocrine tumor?

Necrotizing papillitis with paillary necrosis is a complicaiton of?

Neoplasm present in nearly all MEN 2A and 2B

Nephropathy occuring with AIDS resembles?

Newborn with retroperitoneal mass + HTN. Likely Dx?

Newer alpha 2 agonist (apraclonidine and brimonidine) treat glaucoma by acting to

Newer estrogen receptor antagonist used in advanced breast cancer

Newer NSAID that selectively inhibits COX-2

Next step to identify viral cause of ASCUS on pap smear w/ and further management in a woman of age > 29 years is

Nitroprusside vasodilates

Nitrosoureas with high lipophilicity, used for brain tumors

Non-endocrine drug which can be used to suppress steroid synthesis, can be used for adrenal cushings

Non-selective Alpha1blockers use to treat pheochromocytoma

Non-selective Beta-blocker also used for migraine prophylaxis

Normal commensal of skin, GI & GU tracts; endogenous overgrowth of budding yeast, capable of >10 diseases. TOW?

Normal FEV1/FVC ratio

Normal mechanism of GH feedback inhibition

NPH insulin is administered by?

NSAID also available as an ophthalmic preparation

NSAID available orally, IM and ophthalmically

NSAID that is used for acute condition, such as pre-op anesthesia and has limited duration (<5 days) of use due to nephrotoxicity

Occurance rate of metastasis TO the thyroid

Oncogene mutated in MEN 2A and B

Only anti-HTN med associated with hemolytic anemia

ONLY irreversible COX inhibitor

Only way to differentiate between follicular adenoma vs carcinoma of thyroid

Opioid agents used as antidiarrheal

Opioid agents used as antitussive

Opioid antagonist that is given IV and had short DOA

Opioid antagonist that is given orally in alcohol dependency programs

Opioid associated with respiratory depression, but is used in high risk patients who may not survive full general anesthetia

Opioid available trans-dermally

Opioid that can be given PO, by epidural, and IV, which helps to relieve the dyspnea of pulmonary edema

Opioid used in the management of withdrawal states

Opioids used in anesthesia

Opportunistic organism that TMP-SMX is effective against

Oral DOC of cutaneous mycoses

Organ located between left and right thalamic pulvinar regions, inferior to copus callosum and superior to collicular plate

Organ supplied by both SMA and IMA

Organism causing gummatous necrosis of large joints

Organs related to spleen

Organs supplied by both celiac and SMA

Origin of cystic artery

Osmotic diuretic used to treat increased intracranial pressure*

Osteitis fibrosa cystica is a complicaiton of ?

Osteoid production by an invasive tumor. Dx?

Other epidemiologically linked or risk-associated causes of cellulitis are:
Clue1: cat/dog bite. What?
Clue2: Salt water exposure. What?
Clue3: Fresh water exposure. What?
Clue4: Neutropenia. What?
Clue5: Human bite. What?

Other organ possibly involved in autosomal-recessive PKD

Other than bacteria, that only class of organisms TMP-SMX has some activity against

Out of follicular and papillar carcinoma of thyroid, which is more likely to metastasis to lymph nodes and which to distant sites

Outermost and innermost layer of Bruch's membrane?

Oval fat bodies: nephritic or nephrotic?

Paget's disease: more common in men or women?

Pancreas has fibrous stroma with scattered normal islets. Dx?

Pancreatic tumor that can secrete several various hormones

Papillary necrosis can occur with long term use of?

Part of bone Ewing sarcomas are found in

Partial opioid agonist, considered a strong analgesic, has a long duration of action and is resistant to naloxone reversal

Pathology of bacterial vagisnosis is overgrowth (in vagina) of anaerobic Mobiluncus species and

Patient with genital herpes does not respond to acyclovir because pt is infected with

pDiabetes type with Pancreatic amyloid deposition = ?

Pelvicaliceal dilation =

Period of time of therapy after which GC therapy will need to be tapered

Phase of symphylis with possible joint involvement

Phenylephrine MOA

Phenylisopropylamines that are used legitimately and abused for narcolepsy, attention deficit disorder, and weight reduction

Physiologic dead space: inadequate ventilation or perfusion?

Places PKHD1 is expressed

Pneumonic for 3 zones of adrenal cortex

Pneumonic for beta receptors

Positive serolody for cyclic-citrullinated peptides (CCP) can be seen in what joint disease?

Possible EKG abnormality with floroquinolones. Why?

Posterior border of epiploic foramen

Postinfectious glomerulonephritis: worse outcome in kids or adults?

Potassium sparing diuretics inhibit *

Predictor of future nephropathy in type 1 diabetic

Presence of WBC casts means?

Presenting symptom of nodule in adrenal medulla

Presynaptic Alpha 2 agonist used in HTN, and acts centrally

Prevention of cyclophosphamide induced hemorrhagic cystitis

Produces both rapid anesthesia and recovery, has antiemetic activity and commonly used for outpatient surgery, may cause marked hypotension

Produces disulfiram-like reaction with ethanol

Product of C cells (aka parafollicular)

Product of HMG-CoA reductase

Product of proinsulin cleavage used to assess insulin abuse

Prolonged exposure to this inhaled anesthetic may lead to megaloblastic anemia

Protein produced by marrow stromal cells to activate osteoprotegrin (OPG) production

Proteins that prevent action of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)

Pseudocysts in the pancreas are a complication of?

Pt has urinary urgency, frequency, dysuria; lab: pyuria (+) or nitrite (+). TOW?

Pt hospitalized > 72 h for comorbidity has urinary frequency, dysuria and foul-smelling urine; w/ flank pain, fever and chills, in the presence of a urinary catheter: Clue: GNR; fermenter; encapsulated; intrinsic ampicillin resistance)

Pt hospitalized > 72 h for comorbidity has urinary frequency, dysuria and foul-smelling urine; w/ flank pain, fever and chills, in the presence of a urinary catheter: Clue: GNR; non fermenter; oxidase+, blue pigment; intrinsic drug resistance)

Pt hospitalized > 72 h for comorbidity has urinary frequency, dysuria and foul-smelling urine; w/ flank pain, fever and chills, in the presence of a urinary catheter: Clue: GNR; slow fermenter; red pigment; intrinsic drug resistance)

Pt hospitalized > 72 h for comorbidity has urinary frequency, dysuria and foul-smelling urine; w/ flank pain, fever and chills, in the presence of a urinary catheter: Clue: GNR; swarming growth [very motile]; slow fermenter; intrinsic drug resistance)

Pt hospitalized > 72 h for comorbidity has urinary frequency, dysuria and foul-smelling urine; w/ flank pain, fever and chills, in the presence of a urinary catheter: Clue: GPC in chains; catalase-neg; grows in high salt; penicillin resistance)

Pulmonary vessel providing the most resistant in healthy vs diseased individual

Pungent inhaled anesthetic which leads to high incidence of coughing and vasospasm

Pyogenic inflammation in complicated UTI due to Gram- negative bacteria is due to

Pyrimidine analog that causes "Thymine-less death" given with leucovorin rescue

Range of BP's in which GFR autoregulation is still intact

Rank osteogenesis imperfecta I, II, and III from most severe to least

Rapid acting, crystalline zinc insulin used to reverse acute hyperglycemia

Rare, but highly aggressive thyroid cancer. Very unlikely to be confined

Rash and decreased urine output after strep infection. Likely cause?

Rationale for aspirated small objects to go to right primary bronchus

RBC casts: nephritic or nephrotic?

Reactive fibroplastic proliferation seen in upper extremities of young adults

Reason adult with postinfectious glomerularnephritis may have no infection hx

Reason bisphosphonate users are instructed to drink water and remain upright following a dose

Reason caffeine potentiates glucagon response

Reason colchicine is bad for acute gout

Reason fluoroquinolones are contraindicated in children and pregnancy

Reason for hirsutism in Cushing's

Reason for hyperglycemia in MODY

Reason for name minimal change disease

Reason insulin release is impaired in MODY

Reason norepinephrine lowers HR when given as a drug

Reason NSAID's decrease GFR

Reason secondary hyperparathyroidism occurs in ADPKD

Reason synovial sarcomas are found in deep soft tissues as well as joints

Reason T4 is slightly elevated in pregnancy

Reason that excessive Na intake can contribute to hypokalemia

Reason troglitazone was withdrawn from market

Receptors activated by norepinephrine

Recurrent hematuria after a viral illness in child/young adult = ?

Recurrent large joint pain + lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate and endothelial proliferation

Recurrent UTI with urea-splitting organisms (i.e. Proteus) can lead to formation of which stone?

Regimen used for breast cancer

Regimen used for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

Relationship between pulmonary volume and airway resistance

Relative amount of islets left when Type 1 DM becomes clinically evident

Relative size of cysts in multicystic renal dysplasia

Remnant of umbilical vein

Renal cell carcinoma: adults or children

Renal complication in rheumatoid arthritis

Renal manifestation of chronic hypercalcemia (as with malignancy)

Renal manifestation of Wegener granulomatosis

Resistance method for sulfonamide

Retinal layer where rod and cone cell bodies are found

Rhabdomyosarcoma: more in adults or children?

Rib paralleled by horizontal fissure of right lung

Ribs directly related to spleen

Schistosomiasis is a risk factor for which bladder cancer?

Scooped out appearance in expiratory flow curve = ?

SE of ACE inhibitors *

SE of acetaminophen

SE of acetazolamide

SE of AGI's (alpha-glucosidase inhibitors)

SE of alpha blockers*

SE of beta blockers*

SE of CCB *

SE of clonidine

SE of hydralazine *

SE of hydroxychloroquine

SE of loop (furosemide) diuretics*

SE of methyldopa

SE of minoxidil

SE of penicillamine

SE of salicylates

SE of spironolactone*

SE of these drugs include dependence, withdrawal syndrome, sedation, euphoria, respiratory depression nausea and vomiting, constipation, biliary spasm, increased ureteral and bladder tone, and reduction in uterine tone

SE of thiazide (HCTZ) diuretics*

SE of Thiazolindinediones

Second generation sulfonylurea

Sensory innervation of diaphragm

Sepsis + organ failure, decreased perfusion (lactic acidosis, oliguria, altered mental status) or low BP. TOW?

Septic shock due to Gram-negative bacteria (e.g., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., or Pseudomonas aeruginosa) is

SERM used for postmenopausal osteoporosis

Serum immune factor likely positive in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JIA)

Serum test very important to do post thyroidectomy

Severe infection with this virus in immunocompromised individuls can diminish adrenal function

Severe sepsis + hypotension despite fluids + lactic acidosis, oliguria, altered mental status.

Shape of Borrelial Brugdorferi

Shape of neisseria gonorrhoeae

Shape of pseudogout crystals

Shock due to septicemia or myocardial infarction is made worse by

Short acting Beta 2 agonists that is drug of choice in treatment of acute asthma but not recommended for prophylaxis

Short acting glucocorticoids

Side effect of Mitomycin

Side of kidneys paranephric fat is on, and its relationship to renal fascia

Significant UTI is confirmed by semiquantitative MSU culture based on the threshold of

Since GH fluctuates thorought the day, this is a better serum marker

SIRS + infection (e.g., positive blood culture) is

Site of action of loop diuretics *

Site of action of thiazide diuretics *

SLE: Nephritic or nephrotic syndrome?

Small cysts in dilated collecting ducts = ?

Sodium serum levels and excretion in Conn's syndrome

Sole factor (assuming precursor availability) controlling rate of Vitamin D conversion in kidney

Somatomedin C and somatostatin levels in early acromegaly

Some cell cycle non-specific drugs

Some cell cycle specific anti-cancer drugs

Some side effects of corticosteroids

Spinal levels of phrenic nerve

Spinal levels to muscles of anterior abdominal wall

State of analgesia and amnesia produced when fentanyl is used with droperidol and nitrous oxide

Steroid responsive proteinuria in a child

Strong opioid agonists

Strong sign that PUD may be cause by Zollinger-Ellison

Structure immediately anterior to right renal artery near midline

Structure that forms deep inguinal ring

Structure that forms floor of inguinal canal

Structure that forms superficial inguinal ring

Structure that lies between protrusion sites of direct and indirect inguinal hernias

Structure that lies immediately posterior to manubrium

Structure that limits spread of ascitic fluid inferiorly from right infracolic compartment

Structure that limits spread of ascitic fluid superiorly from left paracolic gutter

Structure that separates right and left lobes of liver

Structure that traverses diaphragm with aorta

Structures supplied by celiac artery

Structures that form conjoint tendon

Structures that traverse diaphragm with esophagus

Structures that traverses diaphragm through crura

Substrate of COX

Sulfonamides: bacteriostatic or bacterocidal?

Sulfonylurea NOT recommended for elderly because of very long half life

Superior border of epiploic foramen

Superior extent of right paracolic gutter

Sympathetic agent which stimulates heart rate and can dilate vessels in skeletal muscle at low doses

Sympathomimetics which acts indirectly (act on catecholamines already present)

Symptoms (other than galactorrhea) seen with prolactinoma

Symptoms of vasoactive intestinal polypepite tumor (VIPomas)

T(X;18) translocaiton = ?

Tendonitis or tendon rupture can occur with this antibiotic

Term used when sclerosis of many glomeruli is present with no clear cause

Termination of left ovarian/testicular vein

Termination of right ovarian/testicular vein

The abx class that inhibits DNA gyrase or topoisomerase IV and blocks with bacterial DNA replication is

The selective agents loose their selectivity at

These agents decrease blood flow or increase blood pressure, are local decongestants, and used in therapy of spinal shock (temporary maintenance of blood pressure which may help maintain perfusion

These agents increase cardiac output and may be beneficial in treatment of acute heart failure and some types of shock

These Local Anesthetics's have surface activity

Thiazolidinediones

This agent may cause more severe, rapid and intense symptoms to a recovering opioid addict

This condition can be described as a "developmental arrest" of bone formation

This drug is used to inhibit bone resorption and comes in a nasal spray

This is the drug of choice for anaphylactic shock

This may antagonize activity of local anesthetics

This may enhance activity of local anesthetics

This opioid route is associated with rapid tolerance and psychologic dependence

This produces "dissociative anesthesia", is a cardiovascular stimulant which may increases intracranial pressure, and hallucinations occur during recovery

This stone is large and projects into calyces

Three common locations of Paget's fractures

Three cytokines that increase RANKL activity post-menopausal osteoporosis

Three distinguishing features of the large intestine

Three likely metastasis site of follicular thyroid carcinoma

Three phases of Paget disease

Three things than can be screened in urine for pheochromocytoma

Thyroid cancer that can be multifocal

Thyroid cancer that tends to invade locally before having lymph node or distant metastasis

Thyroid cancer with cervical node metastasis. Likely Dx?

Thyroid cancer with PAX8-PPAR gamma fusion gene

Thyroid cancer with RET mutation

Thyroiditis: typically involves part of gland or whole?

Thyrotropin is another name for?

Time from infection (acquisition) to acute seroconversion detected by HIV serology (ELISA/ WBlot) is

Time from tick bite to lyme arthritis

Timing and source of S3 heart sound

Tolerance to all effects of opioid agonists can develop except

Topical DOC of cutaneous mycoses

Toxic effect of anticancer drug can be lessened by rescue agents

Toxicities include nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity, leading to a severe interaction with aminoglycosides

Toxicity caused by nitroprusside and treatment

Toxicity of TMP-SMX

Trace the path and forms of vitamin D

Transitional cell carcinoma: adult or child

Translocation for Ewing sarcoma and PNET

Treatment for opioid addiction

Treatment with cancer chemotherapy at high doses every 3-4 weeks, too toxic to be used continuously

Tropicamide is in what drug class?

True or false: Aspirin is effective against inflammation

Tubular epithelium foam cell are charcteristic of:

Tumor arising in 5-10% of bones affected by Paget's disease

Tumor closely related to Ewing sarcoma

Tumor like projection of bone capped by cartilage found at a long bone metaphyseal region. Dx?

Tumor supressor gene mutated in many osteosarcomas

Two factors seen on sliding scale for insulin dose

Two infection that can cause membranous glomerulopathy

Two initial substrates that lead to uric acid production

Two likely locations for leiomyosarcoma

Two markers signifying a tumor is of neuro-endocrine origin

Two modifiable risk factors for gout

Two most common malignant bone tumors for children

Two most common mutations in parathyroid tumors

Two most likely causes of papillary necrosis

Two structures that lie posterior to SMA near its origin

Tx for severe hypercalcemia

Type II diabetics are at risk for developing what liver complication

Type of antibody in goodpastures

Type of casts seen in multiple myeloma

Type of glomerular lesions in SLE

Type of hernia that enters deep inguinal ring

Type of hernia that protrudes through Hesselbach’s triangle

Type of hernia that traverses both deep and superficial rings

Type of hypersensitivity with drug-induced interstitial nephritis

Type of necrosis occuring in renal infarction

Type of tissue and most common locations for ganglion cysts

Types of hormones not stored to any appreciable extend in their producing glands

Types of nerve fibers transmitting pain

Typical causative organisms in malacoplakia

Typical cause of hyaline arteriolosclerosis in kidneys

Typical patient for empty sella

Typical presenting age and symptoms of medullary sponge disease

UA findings with renal TB

Ultra long acting insulin, has over a day duration of action

Unique feature of glucagon's stimulation of the heart

Urea concentration, compared to plasma, at the end of the PCT

Urethritis is treated with ceftriaxone + azythromycin because

Urethritis organism that can trigger Reiter syndrome

Urine finding in multiple myeloma? Why is this tricky for test questions?

Urine flow rate in SIADH during steady state

Use of this opioid with MAOI can lead to hyperpyrexic coma, and with SSRI's can lead to serotonin syndrome

Used especially in postmenopausal women, dosage should be 1500 mg

Used for Addison's disease, Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH), inflammation, allergies, and asthma (as a local inhalation)

Used for Cushing's syndrome (increased corticosteroid)

Used for hairy cell leukemia ; it stimulates NK cells

Used for prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis in women

Used intranasally and decreases bone resorption

Usefullness of ketoconazole in Cushing's

Uses of bisphosphonates

Usual age, location of craniopharyngioma

Usual body location of enchondromas

Usual delay from use of drug to interstitial nephritis

Usual factor preceding de Quarvain thyroiditis

Usual inheritence of Alport

Usual serum calcium levels in hyperparathyroidism secondary to renal failure

Usually ages for osteosarcoma

Variable basement membrane thickening is seen in?

Vascular effects of metformin

Veins that unite to form portal vein

Vertebral level associated with origin of celiac artery

Vertebral level associated with origin of gonadal arteries

Vertebral level associated with origin of IMA

Vertebral level associated with origin of renal arteries

Vertebral level associated with origin of SMA

Vertebral level associated with sternal angle

Vertebral level at inferior angle of scapula

Vertebral level for formation of IVC

Vertebral level of aortic bifurcation

Vertebral level of kidney hilum

Vertebral level of kidneys

Vertebral level of umbilicus

Vertebral level that aorta traverses diaphragm

Vertebral level that esophagus traverses diaphragm

Vertebral level that inferior vena cava traverses diaphrag

Very rapid acting insulin, having fastest onset and shortest duration of action

Vessel located posterior to head of pancreas

Vessel located posterior to neck of pancreas

VHL mutation can be seen in what endocrine tumor?

Visceral organ sometimes affected in gout and problems caused

Vitamin (not D) whose deficiency can cause osteoporosis

Vitamin D analog that can lower PTH and much less likely to precipitate hypercalcemia

Vitamin given with calcium to ensure proper absorption

Ways to segregate high prolactin caused by craniopharyngioma versus prolactinoma

WBC's seen in a tophus

Weak opioid agonist, poor analgesic, its overdose can cause severe toxicity including respiratory depression, circulatory collapse, pulmonary edema, and seizures

Wet prep of curdy discharge (no odor), adhering to vaginal walls, from a pregnant woman w/ recent UTI, who now has severe vaginal pruritis; vulvovaginal area - erythematous should reveal

Wet prep of vaginal discharge from a pt w/ vaginal pruritis; ectocervical erythema ("strawberry cervix") should reveal

What are chondroblasts?

What are the SIX red rashes of childhood (acute, febrile exanthema illnesses)?
(Clue1: maculopapular rash; off-white lesions on buccal mucosa, MMRV vaccine prevents)
(Clue2: maculopapular rash starting on face moving to foot; MMRV prevents)
(Clue3: scarlatina rash post pharyngitis)
(Clue4: vesicular rash, moderate pain)
(Clue5: maculopapular “slapped face” appearance in a young child)
(Clue6: maculopapular rash and systemic Dz in immunocompromised pt)

What causes granulomatous destruction of the adrenals?

What do alpha cells in the pancreas produce?

What do beta cells in the pancreas produce?

What do delta cells in the pancreas produce?

What form of vitamin D should you give someone with kidney failure? Why?

What happens to HIV-1 virus when acute retroviral syndrome progresses to clinical latency?

What is a Charcot joint

What is a xanthoma?

What is an invoucrum? What condition is it seen with?

What is brown tumor of bone?

What is expiratory reserve volume? Give a formula

What is exstrophy?

What is functional residual capacity?

What is Plummer syndrome? Give its alternate name

What is seen at the center of a rheumatoid nodule?

What is Sheehan syndrome? Why does it occur?

What is the "stalk section" effect?

What is the microbial factor that promotes degradation of C3b by binding to factor H, the serum β globulin factor

What is the toxin associated with staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome?

What is the toxin associated with streptococcal toxic shock syndrome?

What is villonodular synovitis?

What time of day does cortisol peak?

When would someone increased risk of H. Influenzae or group B strep osteomyelitis?

Where are beta cells found in the pancreas?

Where is CRP produced?

Which renal vein is longer?

Why is it unwise to use ibuprofen and aspiring together?

Worldwide rubella infection, with only human reservoirs known this infectious agent is a

Worse hyperglycemia: MODY3 or MODY2

Woven bone in the middle of benign-looking fibroblasts is characteristic of?