- Shuffle
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Alphabetize
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Front First
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Both Sides
Toggle OnToggle Off
Front
How to study your flashcards.
Right/Left arrow keys: Navigate between flashcards.right arrow keyleft arrow key
Up/Down arrow keys: Flip the card between the front and back.down keyup key
H key: Show hint (3rd side).h key
PLAY BUTTON
PLAY BUTTON
36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are essential parts of the infant exam?
|
Heart, eyes, pulses, hips, and GU
|
|
What part of the exam should be held towards the end of the infant exam?
|
ears, throat and hips
|
|
For toddler, what parts should be examined first?
|
Heart, lungs and abdomen
|
|
What are essential parts of the toddler exam?
|
Heart, eyes (for strabismus), GU (for undescended testes and imperforate hymen).
|
|
What is anticipatory guidance and when should it be given?
|
It should be given during the toddler years and it regards diet, development, and particularly safety.
|
|
In what ages should you check about school peformance and safety?
|
in older toddler and school-aged children. 2.5 years to teenager
|
|
Peak height velocity for girls occurs when?
|
In Tanner stage II - III
|
|
Menarche occurs in what Tanner stage?
|
Occurs in Tanner Stage IV, about one year after the peak growth spurt
|
|
When does peak height velocity occur for boys? (Tanner stage)
|
In Tanner stage IV
|
|
When is puberty considered "preococious"?
|
Before 7 in Caucasian girls, 6 in blacks. Before 9 in boys. Puberty is considered delayed if it has not occurred by age 14.
|
|
What is Adrenarche?
|
It is the onset of pubic hair development due to adrenal androgen production, in premature adrenarche, levels of DHEA-sulfate can be measured.
|
|
Is a child that looks ill, most likely ill?
|
YES
|
|
How will a Down's Syndrome child present?
|
They will have upward slanting palpebral fissures, epicanthal folds, and a flat nasal bridge
|
|
How will a FAS child present?
|
They have narrow and widespread eyes, long single philtrum, thin upper lip, short nose, and hypoplasia of the nails and distal phalanges. Associated with low IQ.
|
|
How much higher are children's temperatures normally?
|
Normally they are higher than adults by 1 degree F.
|
|
What age range of children will have a diurnal variation?
|
Ages 2-6, pm temperature can be as much as 1.6 degree F higher than in the morn.
|
|
What kidn of temp is the most accurate?
|
Tympanic.
|
|
What is considered a fever in infants?
|
Temperature greater than 37.8 degrees C (100.4 degrees F).
|
|
By what age does the heart rate drop below 100 bpm?
|
6 years old
|
|
What is the heart rate at birth?
|
140bpm.
|
|
What is the onset of supraventricular tachycardia?
|
Starts and stops abruptly, the rate is usually greater than 200 and it must be treated, will not see P waves on the EKG.
|
|
How will sinus tachycardia present?
|
Begins gradually and starts gradually, with hr varying by 10-15 beats per minute.
|
|
How will sinus arrythmia present?
|
For abnormal, the child will be under 3 years old and pulse rate will increase during insp and decrease during exp (after 3 yrs this is normal). On EKG can see how this moves.
|
|
What is the normal respiratory rate for an infant and how is it measured?
|
30-80/min and there is a lot of variability, it should be measured for at least one minute by watching the abdominal excursions.
|
|
How will a child present with "periodic breathing"?
|
Respirations that are irregular, intermittent and variable in rate an depth. Brief pauses up to 10 sec with no color change.
|
|
What is apnea?
|
Respiratory pause of over 20 seconds, or one that is associated with cyanosis, pallor, change in HR (with 10 sec breaks)
|
|
What is a normal blood pressure in a newborn?
|
70/40
|
|
What is the age in which blood pressure measurements should start?
|
They should start when child is over 3 years
|
|
How is hypertension measure in children?
|
Blood pressure that is elevated more than 95% for age and sex determined on three different occasions. Should think of secondary HTN as a result of Coarctation of the aorta (arm vs. thigh blood pressure), Renal DZ, Cardiac or endocrine issue
|
|
For a child that has fallen outside of the normal range, and does not grow along their own trajectory....
|
Failure to thrive (psychosocial development). 1. Weight decrease, 2. Height decrease, 3. Head circumference decreases.
|
|
How often should head circumference be measured?
|
From birth until 3 years
|
|
What does a head circumference above or below two standard deviations indicates what?
|
It indicates mental retardation or neurological problems.
|
|
Should it be a cause for concern if a child is 5% below the normal range?
|
No, as long as they grow below their own curve just below the 5th percentile.
|
|
What does skin turgor indicate?
|
Hydration and nutrition. Measured over the abdominal wall between the thumb and forefinger. Dec turgor occurs when intravascular volume depletion
|
|
By what age should infants be able to hold their head steadily forward?
|
Four months
|
|
What are some common causes of macrocephalus?
|
Hydrocephaly, subdural hematoma, subdural effusions, intracranial tumor, thickening of the skull, benign familial megalocephaly...
|
