Pediatrics Wk 1

Which statement is true regarding drug pharmacology?

a. Highly extracted drugs are affected by liver blood flow, and the volume of distribution is determined by protein binding.

b. Drugs with low hepatic extraction are affected by liver blood flow.

c. Drugs with high extraction and protein binding coefficients are affected by hepatic enzyme clearance and protein binding.

In general, neonates have:

a. small volume of distribution and large clearance of drugs.

b. small volume of distribution and low clearance of drugs.

c. large volume of distribution and large clearance of drugs.

d. large volume of distribution and small clearance of drugs.

Which statement is true regarding inhaled anesthetic agents in children?

a. right-to-left shunting affects wash-in of insoluble anesthetic agents more than that of soluble agents.

b. wash-in of anesthetic agents is slower in infants than in adults.

c. increased C.O. increases wash-in of anesthetic agent.

d. an increase in minute ventilation decreases wash-in of anesthetic agent.

What is the extent of metabolism of anesthetic agents from greatest to least?

a. halothane > sevo >iso >des

b. sevo>halo>iso>des

c. halo>sevo>des>iso

Epinephrine in a 1:100:000 dilution has:

a. 1 mcg/ml

b. 10 mcg/ml

c. 100 mcg/ml

d. 1000 mcg/ml

Regarding the pharmacology of muscle relaxants, which statement is correct?

a. the ED(56) is the dose expected to produce a 95% block

b. The ED (56) is the dose expected to produce complete block in 95% of people.

c. the onset time is the time from drug admin to the beginning of the neuromuscular block

d. duration of neuromuscular block is the time from admin until neuromuscular transmission returns to 90%

With regard to NMB's, which of the following is correct?

a. neonates and infants are more sensitive to NMB's than children and adults.

b. lower doses (mg/kg) are needed to get a similar effect in infants than adults

c. clearance and volume of distribution of NMB's is less in infants and children.

d. the elimination half-life of an NMB is similar in infants and adults.

Which of the following statements is correct?

a. NMB's onset and depth is the sam at the diaphragm, larynx and flexis hallucis brevis, and orbicularis oculi

b. accurate assessment of neuromuscular recovery can be determined by visual or tactile observation

c. after reversal of neuromuscular block, a train-or-four greater than 0.9 suggest that vital capacity has returned to normal.