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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the variations of the respiratory system in children?
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Nose breathers until 4 weeks
Sinus development is later (no sinus infections) Trachea lumen smaller Larynx higher and more narrow (choke easier) Airway highly compliant (collapse easier) |
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What are the s/s of URI?
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Cough
nasal mucus fever irritability poor feeding |
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What is the management of URI?
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elevate HOB
fluid intake saline nose drops no OTC cold meds (<6yo) No ASA |
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What is Respiratory Syncytial Virus RSV?
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edema and secretions of the LRT cause gradual lower airway obstruction
most frequent hospitalization in <1yo |
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What are the s/s of RSV?
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Rhinorrhea
low grade fever coughing wheezing tachypnea retractions cyanosis lots of mucus |
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What is the treatment for RSV?
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Prevent with Palicizumab (<32 weeks) (immunization)
Sx treatment bulb syringe before feed pedialyte (thinner) - cont BF Supportive therapy (tylenol) |
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What are some s/s of respiratory distress?
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irritable
retractions nasal flare grunting cyanotic |
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What is pneumonia?
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inflammation of the lung parenchyma - fluid filling the alveoli
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What are the s/s of pneumonia?
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fever
cough crackles on auscultation malaise respiratory distress GI symptoms (vomiting from cough) |
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What are the s/s differences b/w bacterial and viral pneumonia?
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Bacterial - appears more ill
difficulty breathing, tachipnea Viral - walking pneumonia |
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How is the management different in bacterial vs viral pneumonia?
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Bacterial -
grows later in illness antibiotics Viral no antibiotics rest - group activities sx control |
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What is asthma?
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bronchiospasm with inflammation causing dec airway
most common chronic disease in children more boys until adolescent first s/s before 4-5 |
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What are the classic s/s of asthma?
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dyspnea
wheezing cough |
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What is the difference between wheezing and stridor?
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Wheezing:
audible - bad lower airway on expiration high pitched asthma Stridor: not bad upper airway on inspiration seal like croup |
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What is the acute management of asthma?
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Beta Adrenergic agents: relax muscles - albuterol (fast acting)
Corticosteroids: decrease inflammation - s/e mood swings Anticholinergics Antibiotics |
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What would discharge teaching include for asthma?
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Allergy control
medication management ID worsening signs Peak flow meter |
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What allergens should be avoided in asthma?
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pollution
pollen - grass bird chalk dust paint fumes carpet perfumes smoking fur stuffed animals cockroach seasons changing ASA |
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How and why do you use a peak flow meter?
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take a deep breath in and blow quickly out into the meter
used to ID personal best peak expiratory flow rate by measuring how fast and much air is expelled from inflated lungs |
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What is cystic fibrosis?
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inherited autosomal recessive disorder of exocrine glands characterized by lung congestion, infection, and malabsorption of nutrients by the pancreas
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What is the genetic aspect of cystic fibrosis?
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2 mutant genes needed
each child has 25% of getting CF 25% of having normal genes 50% chance of being a carrier |
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What are the s/s of CF?
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meconium ileus at birth
failure to thrive steatorrhea stools/constipation voracious appetite with poor weight gain recurrent respiratory infections chronic coughs salty skin |
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How is CF diagnosed?
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positive sweat test
genetic marker |
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What do CF pts look like?
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barrel chest
clubbing of the fingers protuberant abdomen small/thin for age coarse lung sounds |
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What is the management of CF?
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enzyme replacement before eating (or sprinkled on food)
CPT/postural drainage - vests (not before or post food) Inhaled broncodilators Control of lung infections nutritional supplements Pulmonary function tests |
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What nutrition is needed for CF patients?
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high protien and carb, tolerates fats
vitamins ADEK (to replace those not absorbed by pancreas) |
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What are the long term complications of CF?
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nasal polyps
sinusitis rectal polyps/prolapse hyperglycemia/DM - steroids Infertility |
