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32 Cards in this Set

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inferior boundary (superficial to) of the superficial perineal pouch?
colle's fascia
anatomical layers of perineum, deep to superficial
Levator ani muscles
Deep perineial pouch
Perineal membrane
Superficial perineal pouch
Colle's Fascia - from scarpa's - superficial fascia
what does the perineal membrane support?
erectile tissues and muscles of erectile tissues
if fluid fills the superficial space bound by colle's fascia, can it leak into the anal triangle?
no.
Colle's is tightly adherent to pubic and ischial rami, and the posterior edge of the perineal membrane
what fascia is colle's continuous with?
Dartos superficial fascia of penis and scrotum
Scarpa's superficial fascia of abdominal wall
where may urine flow with urinary extravasion if the injury is within the pelvis?
urine flows within peritoneum
stopped only by gravity
where may urine flow with urinary extravasion if the injury is within the penis?
urine remains within bucks fascia
where may urine flow with urinary extravasion if the injury is near superficial space?
urine remains within superficial space
bound by:
Scarpa's fascia
Dartos fascia
Colle's fascia
what nerves are involved in erection?
afferent -
sensation on penis is by Pudendal n. (S2-4)
psychogenic - descending pathways from cortex
efferent -
parasympathetics in pelvic splanchnics
important chemicals released for erection?
Ach and NO
steps to erection
1. Ach and NO cause helicine a. to relax
2. increases bloodflow to penis
3. copora cavernosa and spongiosum engorge w/ blood
4. ischiocavernosus m. and bulbospongeousus m. prevent return to veins
5. tunica albuginea helps to maintain turgidity
what innervates emission and ejaculation?
1. Sympathetics (L1-2) - peristalsis to move semen to prostatic urethra
2. Sympathetics (L1-2) - constrict internal urethral sph.
3. Parasympathetics (S2-4) - contract urethral SM
4. Pudendal n. (S2-4) - somatic reflex to contract bulbospongiosum
Superficial 2 layers of scrotum? function?
1. heavily pigmented thin skin
2. Dartos fascia - fat free fascial layer contains SM
dartos contracts when cold - helps keep cremasteric m.
innervation of scrotum
1. Br. of ilioinguinal and genitofemoral n. to ANTERIOR SCROTAL N.
2. Pudendal n. to give POSTERIOR SCROTAL N.
labia majora innervation
anterior labial n. from ilioinguinal n.
posterior labial n. from superficial perineal
what structures are located within the deep perineal pouch?
skeletal m., Vessels, Nerves
in males - Bulbourethral glands (cowper's glands)
what are the muscles of the deep pouch in females?
external urethral sphincter
sphincter urethrovaginalis
compressor urethrae
deep transverse perineal m.
what muscle(s) in the female deep pouch is similar in males?
external urethral sphincter
deep transverse perineal m.
anal triangle border
1. laterally
2. anteriorly
3. posteriorly
1. medial margin of sacrotuberous ligaments
2. line of ischial tuberosities (free posterior border of perineal memb.)
3. coccyx
what is the ischioanal fossae?
spaces between the skin and the inferior fascia of the pelvic diaphragm
AKA - Ischiorectal fossae
spaces communicate w/ one another in the deep postanal space. superior to the anococcygeal ligament
what is important clinically about the ischioanal fossae?
Abscesses in the region can lead to painful inflammation
able to spread through communicating space in deep postanal area posterior to anal canal
If an abscess forms in the ischioanal canal, what are potential problems a patient may face?
pudendal n. compression in Alcock's canal
- affect continence
- perineal muscles
- anal sphincter
what is contained in alcock's canal?
internal pudendal vessels, pudendal n., perineal n.
what is the major blood supply to the perineum?
Internal pudendal a.
what arteries are given off of the internal pudendal a. in the anal triangle?
inferior rectal aa.
what is the artery communicating the br. of the internal pudendal a.?
anterior division of Internal iliac a.
what arteries are given off of the internal pudendal a. in the urogenital triangle?
arteries to
bulb of penis or vestibule
deep dorsal a. of penis or vestibule
dorsal a. of penis or clitoris
major innervation to the perineum?
Pudendal n. (S2-4)
what is the path of the pudendal n.?
1. pass through greater sciatic foramen under PIRIFORMIS m.
2. loop around ischial spine
3. enter alcok's canal in anal triangle
what branches are given off in the two triangles? where does the urogenital triangle n. end?
anal triangle - inferior rectal n.
urogenital triangle - perineal n.
ends at the dorsal n. of penis or clitoris
what is compressed in bicycle seat neuropathy?
pudendal n. within alcock's canal
if the pudendal n. is compressed, what are the consequences?
the deep perineal n. (a br. of the pudendal n.) innervates the external urethral sphincter