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Chem 7 normal value for

sodium
135 - 145 mEq/L
Chem 7 normal value for

potassium
3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L
Chem 7 normal value for

chloride
96 - 106 mEq/L
Chem 7 normal value for

CO2
24 - 30 mEq/L
Chem 7 normal value for

glucose (fasting)
70 - 110 mg/dL
Chem 7 normal value for

BUN
7 - 20 mg/dL
Chem 7 normal value for

serum creatinine
0.7 - 1.5 mg/dL
hyperchloremia value
>110 mEq/L
At what value would treatment for hyponatremia begin?
< 120 mEq/L
At what value is hypokalemia considered severe?
< 2.5 mEq/L
What are the three forms of hypernatremia?
1) Low total body sodium (loss of H2O > loss of Na)
2) Normal total body sodium (H2O loss)
3) High total body sodium (exogenous Na, eg Na bicarb for CPR)
At what value is hyperkalemia considered severe?
> 7.0 mEq/L
What does Kayexelate treat?
Hyperkalemia; it binds K+ in the colon
Over what value of glucose is a person considered hyperglycemic?
> 126 mg/dL fasting
> 200 mg/dL post-prandial
List some causes of elevated BUN:
renal insufficiency
increased protein breakdown
GI bleed
aminoglycosides
vancomycin
amphotericin B
Why might normal serum creatinine values be lower in the elderly?
decreased muscle mass
List three medical problems that can cause the presence of more than one RBC in the urine:
kidney stones
tumors
glomerulonephritis
What is the range of normal pH of urine?
4.5 - 8
What is the normal range for prothrombin time in INR?
1 - 2 INR
What are the two most sensitive tests for hepatocellular injury?
AST (aspartate aminotransferases)
ALT (alanine aminotransferases)
What are the four measurements in the diagrammatic presentation of CBC?
(clockwise from left)
platelets
hemoglobin
WBC
hematocrit
What is the normal range of Hgb for males?
14 - 18 g/dL
What can a macrocytic value of MCV indicate?
vit. B12 deficiency
folate deficiency

(MCV = mean corpuscular volume)
What is the normal range for WBC count?
4,400 - 11,300 cells per cubic mm
What is the normal range for platelet count?
150,000 - 450,000 per microliter
What value is a red flag for low platelet count?
< 50,000
Which WBC count is the most sensitive for indicating acute infections, and what is its normal range?
neutrophils (polymorphonuclear granulocytes): range 45 - 73%
What value is considered high TC?
> 240 mg/dL
What is the desirable TG value? What is considered "very high"?
desirable: <150 mg/dL
Very high: >500 mg/dL
What values would be considered borderline high for TG?
150 - 199 mg/dL