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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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anything with 2 is in its name is a...?
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amide
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what is the maximum dose for cocaine?
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200mg (2-3mg/kg)
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what is unique about the metabolism of cocaine?
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it is metabolized by pseudocholinesterase with a half life of 30-90 mins
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what is the max dose doe procaine?
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8mg/kg
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what is the max dose of chloroprocaine?
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10mg/kg
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what is the max dose of tetracaine?
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1.5mg/kg
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what is the max dose of lidocaine?
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4.5mg/kg
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what is the max dose of mepivacaine?
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5mg/kg
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what is the onset time for lidocaine?
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rapid
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what is the onset time for mepivacaine?
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rapid
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what is the onset of action for bupivacaine?
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slow
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what is bupivacaine used for?
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OR or OB setting for local procedures
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what is the max dose of bupivacaine?
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2.5mg/kg
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what is the order of neurons blocked with local?
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pain fibers blocked first
touch, pressure, proprioception disappear next motor function blocked last |
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what happens when large trunks are blocked?
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a motor block before sensory
sensory anesthesia develops proximally first and is then spread distally as the drug penetrates the core |
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what are esters metabolized by?
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pseudocholinesterase
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what are amides metabolized by?
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CYP450
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what environment won't LAs work well in?
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acidic
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when will CV collapse occur?
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when the epidural needle or infusion catheter enters an epidural vein and is not recognized
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what are cocaine's CV effects? (3)
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vasoconstriction
arrythmias hypertension |
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why do seizures occur with LA?
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depression of cortical inhibitory pathways
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what can large doses of prilocaine do?
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lead to accumulation of o-toluidine which can convert HgB to methemoglobin
patient may appear cyanotic and blood will be dark |
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how do you treat prilocaine intoxication?
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IV methylene blue
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what is anterograde amnesia?
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new events are not transferred to long-term memory so the sufferer will not be able to remember anything new
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what will induce amnesia? (2)
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midazolam
diazepam |
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what is analgesia?
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absence of sensitivity to pain, absence of pain on noxious stimulation, the relief of pain without the loss of consiousness
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who should nitrous oxide be avoided in?
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patients with brain injuries
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what is MAC?
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mixed alveolar anesthetic concentration
the median concentration of alveolar anesthetic that results in immobility in 50% of patients when exposed to noxious stimuli |
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what does halothane do to the CV system?
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sensitizes the myocardium to catecholamines
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what do volatile agents do to the respiratory system?
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dose-dependent decrease in tidal volume and increase in respiratory rate
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what is malignant hyperthermia?
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autosomal dominant genetic disorder of skeletal muscle that occurs in susceptible individuals undergoing general anesthesia with inhaled agents and muscle relaxants
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how do you treat malignant hyperthermia?
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administer dantrolene
reduce body temp and restore electolyte/acid-base balance |
