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25 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Types of Allergy and Respiratory Medications
-Antihistamines: treat breathing problems caused by allergies
-Antitussives: control coughing
-Px and tx of asthma and COPD
-Decongestants and expectorants
-Nasal steroids
Common Problems Requiring Medication
-Strictures (narrowed opening), obstruction (blockage) caused by mucous, collapse of the bronchioles, infectious masses or tumors, allergic reactions, or bacterial and viral infections
Histamine
-A chemical the bod produces that cause the inflammatory process
-Mast cells (found near capillaries) and basophils (WBC's) contain large amounts of histamine the is released when the body is injures
-Causes smooth muscle and vascular system to increase blood flow by opening capillaries which leads to swelling, redness...
Antihistamines Action
-Block the action of histamine by competing with it for the H1 receptor site on the "effector structure" (smooth muscle, salivary glands, mucosal glands)
-Blocking action limits the vasodilation and increased capillary permeability and reduces edema
-Antihistamines also limit the release of acetylcholine, producing an anticholinergic (drying) effect, esp in bronchioles and GI system
Antihistamine Uses
-Seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) (outdoor allergies), perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR) (indoor allergies), perennial nonallergic rinitis (PNAR) (caused by something other than allergies
-Used to relieve the symptoms of allergies: itchy eyes, sneezing, nasal stuffiness, post nasal drip, hives, angioneurotic edema, serum sickness, swollen nasal mucosa, clear watery discharge from nose
Antihistamine Adverse Reactions
-HTN, hypotension, tachycardia, blurred vision, dizziness, drowsiness, excitation, insomnia, restlessness, sedation, tinnitus, anorexia, constipation, diarrhea, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, difficult or painful urination, impotence, urinary retention, photosensitivity, rash, thickening of bronchial secretion
Antihistamine Drug Interactions
-A sedative effect is increased with other CNS depressants (hypnotics, sedative, alcohol, tranquilizers, analgesics
Antihistamines Nursing Implications
-Contradiction and percautions: thyroid disease (tachycardia), family history of sleep apnea or SIDS, children with symptoms of Reye's syndrome
-If giving IM may cause tissue irritation (z-track)
Antihistamine Pt Teaching
-May cause drowsiness so avoid task such as driving and heavy machinery
-If upset stomach take with meal or milk
-Do not take with alcohol or other sedative drugs
-Tolerance may develop, pt can switch to another antihistamine
-Stop using 48hrs before allergy test
6 Main Groups of Antihistamines
-Alkylamines: brompheniramine, chlorpheniramine, dexchlorpheniramine
-Ethanolamines: Clemastine, dephenhydramine
-Ethylenediamine:
-Phenothiazine: promethazine
-Piperazine: Hydroxyzine
-Piperidines: azatadine, cetizine, cyorheptadine, fexofenadine, loratadine, phenindamine
Brompheniramine
-P-Tex
-Dimetapp
-Effective at low dosages, practical fro daytime use
-May cause both CNS depression and stimulation
Chlorpheniramine
-Chlor-Trimeton
-Low incidence of side effects
-Available OTC
-Effective at low dosages, practical fro daytime use
-May cause both CNS depression and stimulation
Dexchlorpheniramine
-Polaramine
-Effective at low dosages, practical fro daytime use
-May cause both CNS depression and stimulation
Clemastine
-Travist
-Highest incidence of drowsiness, but GI side effects are infrequent
Diphenhydramine
-Benadryl
-Genahist
-Diphenhist
-Anticholinergic, antitussive, antiemetic, sedative properties; high incidence of CNS depressant effects; drowsiness increases with use
Promethazine
-Phenergan
-High incidence of side effects, including sever drowsiness, potent drug with prolonged action
-Strong CNS depressant, may suppress cough reflex,
Hydroxyzine
-Vistaril
-For pruritus, sedation, adjunct to analgesia, antiemetic
Azelastine
-Astelin nasal spray
Antitussives Action
-Narcotic antitussive suppress the cough reflex by acting directly on the cough center in the medulla of the brain
-Nonnarcotic antitussives anesthetizing stretch receptors in the reparatory passage, lungs, and pleura and decreasing their activity
Antitussives Use
-Relief of overactive or nonproductive coughs
Antitussives Adverse Reactions
-Constipation, drowsiness, dry mouth, nausea, postural hypotension
Antitussives Drug Reactions
-Additive effect on with other CNS depressants
-Increase the analgesic effect of aspirin, which may be helpful
Antitussives Pt Teaching
-May cause drowsiness
-Overuse of the codeine-containing antitussives may cause constipation and addiction
-May cause nausea, lying down can help
-Take with milk or food if upset stomach occurs
Narcotic Antitussives
-Codeine: codeine phosphate, codeine sulfate
-Hydrocodone: hycodan
Nonnarcotic Antitussives
-Benzonatate: Tessalon perles
-Dextromethorphan: Benylin DM, Robitussin DM, Vicks Formula 44
-Diphenhydramine: Tusstat