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13 Cards in this Set

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What is the major regulatory mechanism for prolactin secretion?
tonic inhibition by dopamine released from neurons in the median eminence of the hypothalamus
What do protein, peptide, and modified amino acids bind to?
cell surface receptors eliciting a response within the cell via second messenger pathways
What do steroid hormones bind to?
enter the cell and bind to receptors sequestered in the cytoplasm bound to heat shock proteins. They displace the HSPs and translocate to the nucleus, bind to their specific response elements and affect gene transcription.
How do thyroid receptors act?
similar to steroid receptors
How are protein/peptide hormones synthesized?
secretory vesicles
How are steroid hormones synthesized?
they are lipophilic and they cannot be stored in secretory vesicles, therefore synthesis = release
What does somatostatin do?
inhibits Growth hormone release
What are synthetic estrogens used for?
found only in combination oral contraceptives
What are conjugated estrogens used for?
hormone replacement therapy
What causes the vasomotor problems (headache, palpitations, night sweats, insomnia/sleep disturbances, and hot flashes) that occur in menopause?
increased release of LH after estrogen levels fall
What would you give a woman for HRT if she has had a hysterectomy?
no progesterone - only estrogen
What does estrogen only HRT cause?
proliferation of endometrial tissue which can lead to cancer. To prevent this, progestins are added at the end of the cycle to promote withdrawal bleeding
When should HRT absolutely be used?
in girls whom ovarian development does not occur or in women who have had their ovaries removed prior to menopausal age.