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25 Cards in this Set

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cromolyn sodium
blocks influx of divalent ions (ie Ca++); blocks release of histamine
nedocramil
blocks influx of divalent ions (ie Ca++); blocks release of histamine
Compound 48/80
ionophore: influx of Ca++ and release of histamine
polymixins
ionophore: influx of Ca++ and release of histamine
Which therapeutic compounds stimulate histamine release?
Some Abx (vanco, red man), morphine, organic bases (amides, others), turbocurarine, radiocontrast dyes
H1 receptors: where found?
Smooth muscle (gut, bronchi), brain, endothelium
(1 HERO throws SMELLY GUTS and BROCCOLI to BRIAN, and they END ON HIM)
H2 receptors: where found?
Gastric muscosa, cardiac muscle cells, mast cells, brain
(GAS for your CAR, MAST for your BRAIN)
H3 receptors: where found?
brain, presynaptically
(3 is PRE)
H4 receptors: where found?
Cells: Neutrophils, Eosinophils, T-cells, CD4
(4-cell, NET)
Cardiovascular effects
increased HR, decreased BP
Gi smooth muscle
contraction, H1
Bronchiolar SM
contraction, H1
normally effects are minimal
Lungs, uterus, ureters, bladder
all contract, all H1
Why urticaria/hives?
histamine leads to increased permiability at the post cap venules, and transudation of fluid and molecules takes place
Nerve endings
tremendous itching, H1 mediated
gastric muscosa
secretion of gastric acid
diphenhydramine
first generation H1 blocker
chlopheniramine
first generation H1 blocker
loratadine
second generation H1 blocker: lack sedative effect
metabolized by CYP3A4? If so, inhibited by grapefruit juice
dimenhydrinate
dramamine
H1 blocker: anti-motion sickness
works on synaptic relays between inner ear and brain stem??
cimetidine
H2 blocker, but not called "antihistamine"
diminish gastric secretions: for duodenal ulcers, gastritis, reflux esophagitis
ranitidine
H2 blocker, not called "antihistamine"
diminish gastric secretions: for duodenal ulcers, gastritis, reflux esophagitis
First generation antihistamine: list
diphenhydramine, chlorpheniramine maleate, dimenhydrinate, hydroxyzine, meclizine, promethazine
(HI DI DI, ME PRO CHILD)
Second gen antihistamine: list
fexofenadine, loratadine, desloratadine, cetirizine, levocabastine, acrivastine
What are the general effects of histamine?
vasodilation, vascular permeability, complement, chemotaxis (inflamm), contraction (SM), platelet aggregation, gastric and mucous secretion
2 V'S, 3 C'S AGGREGATION AND SECRETE