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93 Cards in this Set
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Penicillin MOA
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Bind PBP, block transpeptidase, activate autolytic enzymes
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Penicillinase-resistant penicillins names
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Methicillin, nafcillin, dicloxacillin
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Aminopenicillin names and uses
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Ampicillin, amoxicillin
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uses: extended spectrum used against Haemophilus, E. coli, Listeria, Proteus, Salmonella, and enterococci (HELPS kill enterococci) |
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Antipseudomonal penicillins
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ticarcillin, carbenicillin, piperacillin
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should use with clavulanic acid to guard against penicillinases |
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Aztreonam uses
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penicillin replacement in those who are allergic. Only good against gram (-)
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Imipenem/cilastatin uses and S/E
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uses: very broad spectrum, first line for enterobacter
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S/E: GI distress, seizures |
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Vancomycin S/E
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nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, thrombophlebitis, diffuse flushing
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Aminoglycosides are synergistic w/...
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B-lactam antibiotics, because they will pop holes into the cell membrane and aminogycosides can then go in
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Daptomycin MOA and S/E
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MOA: rapidly depolarizes cell membrane leading to disruption of protein, DNA, RNA synthesis
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S/E: myositis, peripheral neuropathy, diarrhea |
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Tetracyline uses
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VACUUM THe BedRoom
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Macrolide uses and S/E
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Mycoplasma, legionella, Chlamydia, Neisseria, URIs, pneumonias, STDs
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S/E: prolonged QT, acute cholestatic hepatitis, P450 inhibitor |
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Clindamycin MOA
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blocks peptide bond formation at 50S ribosome
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Metronidazole MOA and S/E
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Forms toxic metabolites in the bacterial cell that damage DNA
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S/E: disulfiram-like reaction, metallic taste, headache |
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Polymyxins MOA and S/E
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bind cell membranes and disrupt their osmotic properties, like detergents
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S/E: neurotoxicity, acute renal tubular necrosis |
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2nd line treatment for TB
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cycloserine
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Ethambutol MOA and S/E
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MOA: inhibits inhibits polymerization of arabinogylcan in cell wall
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S/E: decreased visual acuity and red-green color blindness |
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Pyrazinamide MOA and S/E
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MOA: unknown mechanism, but needs pyrazinamidase to work
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S/E: dose dependent hepatotoxicity |
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Isoniazid MOA and S/E
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MOA: decreases synthesis of mycolic acids after it is activated by bacterial catalase-peroxidase
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S/E: hepatotoxicity, seizures, B6 deficiency |
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Rifampin MOA and S/E
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MOA: inhibits DNA dependent RNA polymerase
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S/E: hepatotoxicity, red urine, induces P450 |
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Amphotericin B SE
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Fever/chills, hypotension, nephrotoxicity, arrhythmias, IV phlebitis
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Caspofungin uses
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invasine aspergillosis, candidiasis
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Terbinafine (allylamine) uses
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Dermatophytoses, especially onychomycoses
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Amantadine MOA and S/E
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blocks uncoating via M2 protein, which blocks viral penetration into cell
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S/E: ataxia, dizziness, slurred speech |
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Ribavirin MOA and S/E
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MOA: inhibits synthesis of guanine nucleotides, leading to inhibition of IMP dehydrogenase
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S/E: hemolytic anemia, teratogen |
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Foscarnet MOA
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pyrophosphate analog that doesn't need a viral kinase and inhibits DNA polymerase
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Protease inhibitor S/E
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lipodystrophy, hyperglycemia, thrombocytopenia
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Reverse transcriptase inhibitor S/E
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bone marrow suppression, peripheral neuropathy, lactic acidosis (nucleosides), rash (non-nucleoside), megaloblastic anemia (ZDV)
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HIV fusion inhibitor
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Enfuvirtide, which binds viral gp41
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CCR5 antagonist and S/E
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maraviroc
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S/E: hepatotoxicity |
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Interferon S/E
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neutropenia
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Cyclosporine S/E
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nephrotoxicity, gingival hyperplasia, excreted in bile
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Tacrolimus S/E
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nephrotoxicity, pleural effusion, hyperglycemia, excreted via feces
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Azathioprine MOA
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derivative of 6-MP, blocks purine synthesis
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Sirolimus S/E
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hyperlipidemia, NO nephrotoxicity, thrombocytopenia
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Mycophenolate mofetil
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guanine analog that inhibits de novo guanine synthesis
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Daclizumab
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blocks IL-2 receptor
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Hydralazine MOA and S/E
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MOA: increases cGMP, leading to relaxation of smooth muscle, specifically arterioles
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S/E: salt and fluid retention, drug induced lupus, tachycardia |
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Minoxidil MOA and S/E
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MOA: K+ channel opener, leads to hyperpolarization of cells and relaxation of smooth muscle
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S/E: increased hair growth, pericardial effusion, decreased insulin release |
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Verapamil S/E
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constipation, gingival hyperplasia, AV block
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Nifedipine S/E
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Peripheral edema, flushing, dizziness, gingival hyperplasia
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Fenoldopam
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D1 receptor agonist that increases blood flow to kidneys
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Diazoxide MOA
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K+ channel opener that relaxes smooth muscle and decreases insulin release
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Statins MOA and S/E
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MOA: inhibit HMG coa reductase, mainly decreasing LDL
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S/E: hepatotoxicity, myositis |
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Niacin MOA and S/E
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MOA: decrease release of VLDL, increase LPL activity, mainly decreases LDL and increases HDL
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S/E: flushing, hyperglycemia, hypotension, hyperuriciemia |
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Bile acid resins MOA and S/E
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MOA: decrease absorption of bile acids, so liver has to make its own
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S/E: increased triglycericdes, gallstones, bad taste |
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Ezetimibe MOA
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prevent cholesterol reabsorption in the small intestines
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Fibrates MOA and S/E
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MOA: upregulate LPL, major effect on TGs
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S/E: gallstones, myositis, hepatotoxicity, SIADH |
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Class IA names and MOA
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disopyramide, quinine, procainamide
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MOA: blocks phase 0 and also K+ channels (phase 3), leading to an elongated AP |
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Class IA S/E
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torsades, tinnitus (cinchonism), thrombocytopenia
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Class IB names and MOA
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names: mexlitine, lidocaine, phenytoin, tocainide
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MOA: blocks phase 0, shortens AP duration, preferentially acts on active cells (good post-MI) |
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Class IC names and MOA
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names: encainide, flecainide, propafenone
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MOA: blocks phase 0, doesn't change AP duration, not good post MI |
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Adenosine MOA and S/E
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MOA: increase K+ out of cells
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S/E: flushing, hypotension, chest pain |
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GLP-1 mimetics name, MOA, and S/E
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exenatide, increases insulin and decreases glucagon
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S/E: pancreatitis |
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Treatment for fatties
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orlistat (inhibits pancreatic lipase) and sibutramine (5-HT and NE reuptake inhibitor)
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Demeclocycline uses
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it's an ADH antagonist, so it's used in SIADH
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Misoprostal MOA
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PGE1 analog that increases secretion of gastric mucosa and also induces uterine contractions (similar to dinoprostone)
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Propantheline, pirenzepine MOA
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Block M1 receptors on ECL cells and M3 on parietal cells, leading to decreased H+ secretion
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Sulfasalazine MOA and S/E
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MOA: combo of sulfapyridine (antibacterial) and salicylic acid (anti-inflammatory) that's activated by colonic bacteria
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S/E: toxicity, oligospermia |
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Metoclopramide interacts with what drugs?
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digoxin and diabetic agents
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Methotrexate S/E
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macrovesicular fatty change, mucositis, teratogenic
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Difference between 6-MP and 6-TG
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6-TG can be given w/ allopurinol because it's not metabolized by xanthine oxidase
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Cytarabine MOA and S/E
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MOA: pyrimidine analog that inhibits pyrimidine synthesis
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S/E: leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, megaloblastic anemia |
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Dactinomycin MOA and S/E
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MOA: intercalates DNA
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S/E: myelosuppresion |
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Doxorubicin MOA and S/E
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MOA: noncovalently intercalates DNA, produces free radicals, disrupts membrane ion transport
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S/E: cardiotoxicity, alopecia, GI toxicity |
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Bleomycin MOA and S/E
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MOA: produces free radicals that damage DNA, G2 phase specific
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S/E: pulmonary fibrosis, skin pigmentation, minimal myelosuppression |
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Etoposide, teniposide MOA and S/E
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MOA: blocks topoisomerase II, increases DNA degredation, G2 and S phase specific
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S/E: myelosuppression, alopecia |
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Cyclophosphamide MOA and S/E
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MOA: binds guanine N-7 and covalently cross-links DNA, requires bioactivation by liver
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S/E: hemorrhagic cystitis |
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Two cancer drugs that require bioactivation
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cyclophosphamide and nitrosureas
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Nitrosureas MOA and S/E
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MOA: cross BBB and cross-link DNA strands
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S/E: neurotoxicity |
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Busulfan MOA and S/E
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MOA: alkylates DNA
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S/E: pulmonary fibrosis, skin pigmentation |
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Vinca alkyloids MOA and S/E
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MOA: inhibit microtubule polymerization
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S/E: blast -> bone marrow suppression. Crist -> peripheral neuropathy, paralytic ileus |
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Paclitaxel MOA and S/E
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MOA: inhibits microtubule depolymerization
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S/E: myelosuppresion and hypersensitivity |
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Cisplatin MOA and S/E
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MOA: cross-links DNA
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S/E: nephrotoxicity, acoustic nerve damage |
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Hydroxyurea MOA and S/E
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MOA: inhibits ribonucleotide reductase
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S/E: myelosuppression |
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Trastuzumab MOA and S/E
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MOA: monoclonal antibody against HER-2
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S/E: cardiotoxicity |
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Imatinib MOA and S/E
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MOA: inhibits tyrosine kinase
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S/E: fluid retention |
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How do cholinomimetics and prostglandins work on glaucoma
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they increase the outflow of aqueous humor, unlike the other drugs that decrease secretion/synthesis of aqueous humor
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Treatment for myoclonic seizures
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valproate
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Thiopental pharmacokinetics
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high potency, high lipid solubiity, rapid entry into brain
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effect terminated by rapid redistribution into tissues and fat |
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Local anesthetics S/E
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CNS excitation, severe CV toxicity (bupivicaine), arrhythmias (cocaine)
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Memantine MOA
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NMDA receptor antagonist
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Donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine MOA
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acetylcholinesterase inhibitors used in AD
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Sumatriptan MOA
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5-HT1B/1D agonist that causes vasoconstriction
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Leuprolide S/E
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antiadnrogen, nausea and vomiting like a loopy rollercoaster
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Clomiphene MOA
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Partial agonist at ER in hypothalamus, leads to decrease feedback inhibition and an increase in LH and FSH release from the pituitary
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Aromatase inhibitor names
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anastrozole, exemestane
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Dinoprostone MOA
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PGE2 analog that causes cervical dilation and induces labor
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Ritodrine, terbutaline MOA and S/E
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MOA: B2-agonists that relax uterus, prevent labor
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S/E: terbutaline crosses the placenta and should only be used when risks outweigh benefits |
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Sildenafil S/E
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headache, flushing, impaired blue-green color vision
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1st generation antihistamine names and S/E
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names: diphenhydramine, chlorpheniramine, dimenhydrinate, hydroxyzine
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S/E: sedation, antimuscarinic, anti-alpha adrenergic |
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2nd generation antihistamine names and S/E
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names: loratidine, desloratidine, fexofenadine, cetirizine
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S/E: far less sedation because it's lipophobic and doesn't cross the BBB |
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Corticosteroid MOA w/ respect to asthma
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decreases NF-kB, a transcription factor that induces production of cytokines
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Gauifenesin MOA
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Removes excess sputum, but doesn't suppress cough reflex
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