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22 Cards in this Set

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How do corticosteroids reduce inflammation?
they block phospholipase A2 and synthesis of proteins like COX
what do leukotrienes C4, D4, and E4 do/
vasoconstriction
bronchoconstriction
contraction of smooth mucle
increase vascular permeability
what does LTB4 do?
neutrophilic chemotactic agent
what does prostacyclin do (PGI2)?
inhibits platelet aggregation
promote vasodilation
bronchodilate
decrease uterine tone
what do prostagladins do?
increase uterine tone
vasodilate
brochodilate
increase mucus production
what does thromboxane do?
increase platelet aggregation
vasoconstrict
bronchoconstrict
irreversible inhibitor of COX1 and COX 2 via acetylation
aspirin

effect on BT, PT, PTT
increases bleeding time, no effect on the others
What can different dosages of aspirin accomplish?
Low: anticoagulation
medium: anti-pyretic/analgesic
high: anti-inflammatory
inhibits lipoxygenase
zileuton
inhibits leukotriene C4 and D4 leading to bronchodilation
zafirlukast and montelukast
reversibly inhibits COX thus blocking prostaglandin synthesis
NSAIDS
COX-2 inhibitors
celecoxib

use in which pts.
rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, pts with ulcers or gastritis
reversibly inhibits COX mostly in CNS
acetaminophen

what does overdose lead to?
hepatic necrosis
treatment for acetaminophen overdose?
N-acetylcysteine

how's it work?
replenishes glutathione stores

(also used in CF as a mucolytic)
what do bisphosphonates (etidronate, alendronate, -dronates) do?
inhibit osteoclastic activity

toxicity?
corrosive esophagitis, osteonecrosis of the jaw
inhibits resorption of uric acid in the PCT
probenecid
what does allopurinol raise levels of?
6-MP and azothioprine (since both are normally oxidized by xanthine oxidase)
inhibits xanthine oxidase
allopurinol and febuxostat
binds and stabilizes tubulin to inhibit polymerization
colchicine

side effects?
GI and low therapeutic index
what drugs are used in acute gout? chronic?
acute: naproxen, colchicine
chronic: febuxostat, allopurinol, probenecid
name 3 TNF-alpha inhibitors?
Etanercept, Infliximab, Adalimumab

what are they used to treat?
PAIR diseases (HLAB27) and rheumatoid arthritis
what does TNF blockade do?
prevents activation of macrophages and destruction of phagocytosed microbes thus predisposing to infection and reactivation of latent TB