Pharm One-Liners Week 3 Flash Cards

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Title: Pharm One-Liners Week 3
Description: Pharm One-Liners
Number of Cards: 75
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Author: vluck16
Created: 2012-02-08
Tags: one-liners pharm
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    • Question
    • Answer
    • Side 3
    • Antifungal agent used for inhibition of all gonadal and adrenal steroids
    • Ketoconazole
    • Antiprogestin used as potent antagonist of GC receptor
    • Mifepristone
    • Diuretic used to antagonize aldosterone receptors
    • Spironolactone
    • Common SE of spironolactone
    • Gynecomastia and hyperkalemia
    • Slightly increased risk of breast cancer, endometrial cancer, heart disease (questionable), has beneficial effects on bone loss
    • Estrogen
    • Antiestrogen drugs used for fertility and breast cancer respectively
    • Clomiphene and tamoxifen
    • Common SE of tamoxifen and raloxifene
    • Hot flashes
    • Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used for prevention of osteoporosis and prophylaxis in women with risk factors for breast cancer
    • Raloxifene
    • Non-steroidal estrogen agonist causes clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina in daughters of women who used it during pregnancy
    • Diethylstilbestrol (DES)
    • Estrogen mostly used in oral contraceptives (OC)
    • Ethinyl estradiol and mestranol
    • Anti-progesterone used as abortifacient
    • Mifepristone (RU-486)
    • Constant low dose of estrogen and increasing dose of progestin for 21 days (last 5 days are sugar pills or iron prep)
    • Combination oral contraceptives (OC)
    • Oral contraceptive available in a transdermal patch
    • Ortho-Evra
    • Converted to more active form DHT by 5 alpha-reductase
    • Testosterone
    • 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor used for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and male pattern baldness
    • Finasteride (Proscar and Propecia respectively)
    • Anabolic steroid that has potential for abuse
    • Nandrolone, oxymetholone, and oxandrolone
    • Anti-androgen used for hirsutism in females
    • Cyproterone acetate
    • Drug is used with testosterone for male fertility
    • Leuprolide
    • What do alpha cells in the pancreas produce?
    • Glucagon
    • What do beta cells in the pancreas produce?
    • Insulin
    • Where are beta cells found in the pancreas?
    • Islets of Langerhans
    • What do delta cells in the pancreas produce?
    • Somatostatin
    • Product of proinsulin cleavage used to assess insulin abuse
    • C-peptide
    • Exogenous insulin contains
    • Little C-peptide
    • Endogenous insulin contains
    • Normal C-peptide
    • Very rapid acting insulin, having fastest onset and shortest duration of action
    • Lispro (Humalog), aspart, glulisine
    • Rapid acting, crystalline zinc insulin used to reverse acute hyperglycemia
    • Regular (Humulin R)
    • Long acting insulin
    • Ultralente (humulin U)
    • Ultra long acting insulin, has over a day duration of action
    • Glargine (Lantus), detemir
    • Major SE of insulin
    • Hypoglycemia
    • Important in synthesis of glucose to glycogen in the liver
    • GLUT 2
    • Important in muscle and adipose tissue for glucose transport across muscles and TG storage by lipoprotein lipase activation
    • GLUT 4
    • Examples of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (AGI)
    • Acarbose, miglitol
    • MOA of AGI's
    • Act on intestine, delay digestion and absorption of glucose formed from digestion of starch and disacchrides
    • SE of AGI's
    • Flatulence (do not use beano to tx), diarrhea, abdominal cramps
    • Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor associated with elevation of LFT's
    • Acarbose
    • Amino acid derivative, active as an insulin secretagogue
    • Nateglinide
    • MOA of nateglinide
    • Insulin secretagogue - closes ATP-sensitive K+ channel
    • Biguanide
    • Metformin
    • Drugs available in combination with metformin
    • Glyburide, glipizide, and rosiglitazone
    • MOA of metformin
    • Decreases hepatic glucose production and intestinal glucose absorption; increase insulin sensitivity
    • Vascular effects of metformin
    • Decreased micro and macro vascular disease
    • Most important potential SE of metformin
    • Lactic acidosis
    • Incidence of hyoglycemia with metformin
    • Meglitinide class of drugs
    • Repaglinide
    • MOA of repaglinide
    • Insulin release from pancreas; faster and shorter acting than sulfonylurea
    • First generation sulfonylurea
    • Chlorpropamide, tolbutamide, tolazamide, etc.
    • Second generation sulfonylurea
    • Glyburide, glipizide, glimepiride, etc.
    • MOA of both generations
    • Insulin release from pancreas by modifying K+ channels
    • Common SE of sulfonylureas, repaglinide, and nateglinide
    • Hypoglycemia
    • Sulfonylurea NOT recommended for elderly because of very long half life
    • Chlorpropamide
    • Thiazolidinediones
    • Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone, Troglitazone (withdrawn/d from market)
    • Reason troglitazone was withdrawn from market
    • Hepatic toxicity
    • MOA of thiazolindinediones
    • Stimulate PPAR-gamma receptor to regulate CHO and lipid metabolism
    • SE of Thiazolindinediones
    • Edema, mild anemia; interaction with drugs that undergo CytP450 3A4 metabolism
    • Hyperglycemic agent that increases cAMP and results in glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, reverses hypoglycemia, also used to reverse severe beta-blocker overdose and smooth muscle relaxation
    • Glucagon
    • Available bisphosphonates
    • Alendronate, etidronate, risedronate, pamidronate, tiludronate, and zoledronic acid
    • MOA of Bisphosphonates
    • Inhibits osteoclast bone resorption
    • Names of three bisphosphonates available IV
    • Pamidronate, zoledronate, ibandronate
    • Uses of bisphosphonates
    • Osteoporosis, Paget's disease, and osteolytic bone lesions, and hypercalcemia from malignancy
    • Major SE of bisphosphonates
    • Chemical esophagitis
    • Bisphosphonates that cannot be used on continuous basis because it caused osteomalacia
    • Etidronate
    • Used for prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis in women
    • Estrogen (HRT-Hormone replacement therapy)
    • Increase bone density, also being tested for breast CA prophylaxis
    • Raloxifene (SERM-selective estrogen receptor modulator)
    • Used intranasally and decreases bone resorption
    • Calcitonin (salmon prep)
    • Used especially in postmenopausal women, dosage should be 1500 mg
    • Calcium
    • Vitamin given with calcium to ensure proper absorption
    • Vitamin D
    • Disease caused by excess ergot alkaloids
    • St. Anthony's Fire
    • Endogenous substances commonly interpreted as histamine, serotonin, prostaglandins, and vasoactive peptides
    • Autocoids
    • Syndrome of hypersecretion of gastric acid and pepsin usually caused by gastrinoma; it is associated with severe peptic ulceration and diarrhea
    • Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
    • Drug that causes contraction of the uterus
    • Oxytocin
    • Distribution of histamine receptors H1, H2, and H3
    • Smooth muscle; stomach, heart, and mast cells; nerve endings, CNS respectively
    • Prototype antagonist of H1 and H2 receptors
    • Diphenhydramine and cimetridine, respectively
    • 1st generation antihistamine that is highly sedating
    • Diphendydramine
    • 1st generation antihistamine that is least sedating
    • Chlorpheniramine or cyclizine