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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The ____ route is the easiest and most desirable way to administer medications
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oral
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Name three reasons why a patient might not be able to receive medications orally
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G.I. alterations
the inability of the pt to swallow food/fluids the use of gastric suction |
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______ of application sites helps reduce the severity of localized reactions of topically applied meds.
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rotation
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_____ ______ from topical drugs may occur if the skin is thin, drug concentration is high or if contact with the skin is prolonged
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systemic effects
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What do patients commonly experience during administration of eye and nose drops?
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a burning sensation
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Eyedrops, gargling, and swabbing the throat are examples of...
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direct application of liquid
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Rectal or vaginal suppositories, vaginal creams or foams are examples of...
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instillation of fluid into body cavity (fluid is retained)
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Flushing the eye, ear, vagina, bladder or rectum with a medicated fluid are examples of ...
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irrigation of body cavity (fluid is not retained)
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Instillation of med. into nose or throat, or under the tongue (SL) are examples of ...
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spraying
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Inhalation of ____ ____ _____ distributes med. throughout the nasal passages and the tracheobronchial airway
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medicated aerosol spray
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Two devices designed for the inhalation of medicated aerosol sprays are...
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metered-dose inhalers
small-volume nebulizers |
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Inhalation of ____ ___ medication distributes medication in powder form throughout the tracheobronchial airway
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dry powder
The device used is the dry powder inhaler (DPI) |
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Lotions, ointments, creams, powders, foams, sprays, patches and disks are examples of ....
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direct application to skin or mucosa
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Medication placed under the tongue and allowed to dissolve is _____ administration
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sublingual
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Medication placed between the upper or lower molar teeth and cheek area and allowed to dissolve is _____ administration
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buccal
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Always prepare medications for ____ patient at a time
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one
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What is the rule for tablets that must be broken in half?
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they must be prescored
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What do you do with the portion of a cut tablet that you aren't using and why do you do that?
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put it in a labeled medicine cup and return it to patients drawer because if the one you are using falls on the floor, you still have the other half
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When preparing liquids for administration, how would you hold the bottle and why would you do that?
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with label against the palm of your hand; if liquid spill down the outside of the bottle, your palm helps prevent smearing of the ink on the label
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If you accidentally pour too much liquid med. into the medicine cup, what do you do with the excess?
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discard; do NOT pour back into the bottle
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What giving oral meds, what should you do before giving the patient any pills?
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offer a cup of water to wet the mouth and prevent pills from sticking in mouth or throat
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How should you administer orally disintegrating formulations?
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Remove from pack just before use
Do not push through foil Place med. on top of patients tongue Caution patient against chewing med. |
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How should you administer SL meds?
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Have pt place med under tongue and allow it to dissolve completely
Caution pt against swallowing tablet or saliva |
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How should you administer buccal meds?
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Have pt place med. in mouth against mm until it dissolves
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How should you administer powdered meds?
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Mix with liquids at bedside and give to pt to drink. Wait 15-20 min. before offering any other drinks
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What specific instruction should you give patients being administered lozenges?
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caution pt against chewing or swallowing lozenges
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When should you administer effervescent powders?
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Mix at the bedside and give immediately after dissolving
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Name the four step quick rules of administering meds. through a gastric tube
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1. dissolve each crushed tablet in 30 mL
2. 1st flush 30 mL 3. Give dissolved meds 4. flush after every med with 15-30 mL after last med. given, flush with 30-60 mL (e.g. 3 meds would be 1st flush, med, flush, med, flush, med, last flush) |
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What is an important consideration BEFORE applying a new dose of any topical medication?
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cleanse the skin or wound thoroughly (never put new med over old)
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When applying lotions, what are the two most important points to remember?
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soften it by rubbing briskly between hands
spread evenly over skin surface with long, even strokes in the direction of hair growth |
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When is the only time we ever use cm in drug administration?
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when applying nitro paste/ointment
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What are three important points to remember for any kind of transdermal medication?
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always rotate the site of application
place on a fatty area, never on a bony prominence date, initial and place time on patch BEFORE applying it |
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If a dressing is to be placed on top of a transdermal patch, what is the one thing you never want to do?
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never clean area with alcohol, only use soap and water
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What is a critical decision point concerning nitro transdermal patches?
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Remove after 10-12 hrs to allow for a nitrate free interval and reduce the chance of tolerance
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What is an important point to remember concerning the administration of aerosolized med. (spray)?
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cover patient's face with a towel
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What is a major point to remember when administering eye meds that may cause systemic effects?
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with a clean tissue, apply gentle pressure to the patients nasolacrimal duct for 30-60 seconds to prevent the overflow of med. into nasopharyngeal passages
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How should eye ointment be applied?
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inner edge of the lower eyelid from the inner to outer canthus
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Failure to instill an ear solution at room temp. may cause ____ or _____
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vertigo or nausea
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Only use ______ drops and solutions in the ear
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sterile
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What is the difference when administering ear drops to an adult versus a child?
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Adult and children over 3-pull pinna up and out
For children 3 and under - pull pinna down and back |
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How do nose drops generally work?
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they are some form of vasoconstrictor -they shrink the mm in the nasal passageway allowing easier airway flow
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Who are two types of patients that should not use most nasal sprays?
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those with hypertension or tachycardia
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What is a priority assessment before administering a nebulizer / updraft treatment?
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assess heart rate and lung sounds
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After a nebulizer / updraft treatment, what should you have the patient do?
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rinse mouth to prevent soreness
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How long should a patient wait between inhalations of a metered dose inhaler?
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20-30 seconds or 2-5 minutes if there are two different meds.
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What is the sequence of inhaled medications when a patient has more than one type?
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Bronchodilator first to dilate the airway passage, then any other inhaled meds.
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_______ is a process of adding medication or moisture to inspired air by mixing particles with air.
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nebulization
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When administering a vaginal suppository, what position should the patient be in?
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dorsal recumbent
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How far into the vaginal canal should a suppository be inserted?
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3-4 inches (entire length of finger)
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When administering a rectal suppository, what position should the patient be in?
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left side-lying Sims' with upper leg flexed upward
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What should the nurse always use when administering any kind of suppository?
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generous amounts of a lubricating jelly on suppository and gloved finger
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What are the three most important points to remember when administering a rectal suppository?
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lubricate gloved index finger of dominant hand
retract patient's buttocks with nondominant hand insert suppository gently, past the internal sphincter against the rectal wall 4" in adults, 2" in infants and children |
