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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define parenteral administration of medication
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taken into the body or administered in a manner other than through the digestive track (injection)
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Name the four routes of parenteral administration
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SUBQ INJ
IM INJ ID INJ IV INJ |
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Injection into tissues just under the dermis of the skin
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subcutaneous injection
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Injection into the body of a muscle
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intramuscular injection
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injection into the dermis just under the epidermis
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intradermal injection
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injection into a vein
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intravenous injection or infusion
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What are the two factors in determining the size of syringe, needle gauge and length, volume of solution and med. route?
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quantity and type of med. prescribed
body size of the patient |
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The ___ ____ syringe prevents the unintentional removal of the needle from the syringe because of its needle screw-in design
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Luer-lock
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Syringes come in sizes ranging from ___to ____ capacity
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0.5mL - 60mL
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Generally, a ___ to ___ syringe is adequate for IM and SUBQ injections
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1 - 3 mL
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Use a _______ syringe to prepare small amounts of medication such as small, precise doses for infants and young children, intradermal and SUBQ injections
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tuberculin (TB)
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______ syringes hold 0.3 mL to 1 mL, come with a preattached needle that cannot be removed, and are calibrated in UNITS
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insulin
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Each mL of insulin solution contains _____ _____ of insulin
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100 units
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What are the four parts of a needle?
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The hub (which fits onto the tip of a syringe)
the shaft (the long part which connects to the hub) the bevel (the slanted tip) the lumen (the hole in the shaft) |
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Needle lengths vary from ____ to _____
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3/8 inch to 3 inches
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Use longer needles for _____ injections and _____ needles for SUBQ or ID injections
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longer (1 - 1 1/2 inches)
shorter (3/8 to 5/8) |
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The smaller the gauge, the _____ the needle diameter
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larger
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A 21 gauge needle has a ______ diameter than a 25 gauge needle
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larger
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The selection of a gauge depends on the _____ ____ ____ you will inject or infuse
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viscosity of fluid
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The most frequent route of exposure to blood-borne disease for health care workers is from ____ ____ injuries
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needle-stick
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If a needle hits the ____ nerve, the patient may experience permanent or partial paralysis of the involved leg
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sciatic
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What is the best site of IM injections for infants up to 12 mo. of age?
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vastus lateralis
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What is the best site of IM injections for children 12 mo. of age and older?
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deltoid
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What is the best site of IM injections for children of any age?
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ventrogluteal
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What are the two preferred sites for adult IM injection?
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ventrogluteal or vastus lateralis
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Administration of med. that are irritating or are in an oily solution should be given at what site?
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ventrogluteal
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Administer volumes of ____ or less to infants and small children
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1mL
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An _____ is made of glass with a constricted, prescored neck that you need to snap off to allow access to the med.
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ampule
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Aspiration of med. from an ampule is achieved with a _____ needle and syringe
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filter
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A _____ is a single-dose or multidose container with a rubber seal at the top, protected by a metal or plastic cap
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vial
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Vials may contain ____ or _____ forms of medications
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liquid
dry |
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What solutions are commonly used to reconstitute dry powder medications?
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normal saline
sterile distilled water |
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The vial is a ____ system and air is injected into the container to permit withdrawl of the solution
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closed
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A nurse typically gives _____ injections for skin testing
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intradermal
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The angle of insertion for an intradermal injection is ____ to _____ degrees
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5 to 15
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How much medication will be injected intradermally?
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0.01 - 0.1 mL
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Describe how to find the injection site of an intradermal injection site.
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3-4 finger widths below antecubital space and one hand width above wrist
(or less commonly, the upper back) |
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Intradermal injections leave a small _____
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bleb
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Read a TB skin test at ___ to ____ hours
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48-72
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______ injections involve depositing medication into the loose connective tissue underlying the dermis
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SUBQ
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SUBQ medications are absorbed more _____ than with IM injections
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slowly
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Give SUBQ medications in doses of ____ to _____
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0.5 to 1 mL
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What are the best SUBQ injection sites?
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postero-lateral (chicken wings)
abdomen from below the costal margins to the ileac crests (lovehandles) anterior aspects of the thighs |
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When giving a SUBQ injection in the "love handle" region, the injection should be at least ____ away from the umbillicus
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2 inches
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Site rotation of SUBQ injections prevents the formation of _____ or _____ in the skin
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lipohypertrophy
lipoatrophy |
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a build-up of subcutaneous fat tissue at a site where insulin has been injected continuously is called _____
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lipohypertrophy
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a breakdown of subcutaneous fat at the site of an insulin injection is called _____
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lipoatrophy
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A general rule of thumb for SUBQ injections is...
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Pinch an inch - 1/2" needle at a 90 degree angle
Pinch less than an inch - 5/8" needle at 45 degree angle |
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The ____ ____ is the best injection site for thin patients with little peripheral SUBQ fat
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upper abdomen
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Describe the six rules for giving Lovenox
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love handles
90 degrees supine don't aspirate Pinch 1mg / kg (usually 30-40 mg) |
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Knowing the ____ action and ____ of an insulin protocol is essential when developing an effective diabetes management plan
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peak
duration |
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Cleanse the injection site with an alcohol pad in a ____ motion
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circular
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Always inject medication ____
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slowly
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After withdrawing the needle, swipe ____ with an alcohol pad
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once
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The ____ injection route deposits medication into deep muscle tissue which has a rich blood supply
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intramuscular
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Which absorption rate is faster, SUBQ or IM?
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IM
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Injections given via IM have an ____ risk for injecting drugs directly into blood vessels
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increased
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An IM injection requires a ____ and ____ needle to penetrate deep muscle tissue
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longer
larger-gauge |
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Name the three things that influence needle size selection
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viscosity of the med.
patient's weight amount of adipose tissue |
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Immunizations and parenteral medications in aqueous solutions should be administered with a ____-_____ gauge needle
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20-25
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The most common needle syringe unit is a ___cc ___ gauge ____inch needle
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3
25 1 1/2 |
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What is the rule of thumb if you must give more than 3mL of an IM injection solution?
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anything over 3, divide equally into two injections
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Always give IM injections at a ____ angle
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90 degree
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What is the best method for IM injections?
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Z-track
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What is the safest IM injection site for most medications?
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ventrogluteal
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What is the preferred IM injection site for biologicals (immunizations)?
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vastus lateralis
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Use the ____ muscle as the site for small injections of 0.5-1mL
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deltoid
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The deltoid injection site is ____ finger widths below the _____ ____
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3
acromion process |
