Pharm Unit 3

lowers oxidative metabolism & lowers GFR

Decreased amounts of protein --> more free drug
High fat meals and fasting --> more free drug

can adversely affect action of some drugs

May affect drug disposition, ie grapefruit juice

antacids, caffeine, diuretics, estrogens, sulfa --> B1 deficiency

Antidepressants, oral contraceptives --> B3 deficiancy

b7

Antacids, antdepressents, steriods

Decrease anticoagulant effects of coumarin drugs.

short-term: stimulates immune function
Long-term: suppresses immune function

Lowers levels of of triglycerides, lowers ldl, and raises hdl. Lowers blood pressure.
Interactions: interferes with hypoglycemic therapy, potentiate antithrombotic effects of anti-inflammatory drugs. Increases bleeding time.

Suppress N/V, can improve appetite
interactions: high doses can interfere with cardiac, antidiabetic, or anticoagulant therapies.

Decreases appetite, increases energy. Used to treat narcolepsy, bronchospasms, allergies, influenza, and colds.
Adverse effects: Arrythmiias, CVA, heart failure, HTN, seizure
Drug interactions: increases CNS stimulation and adverse effects from caffeine, decongestants, CNS stimulants

1 + 1 = 2

1 + 1 = 3 when the sum of the two drugs combined is more potent then when they are apart.

1/2 + 1 = 2

1 + 1 = 0

Weight

PO: bottle nipple, RX medibottle, infant drops
Rectal, IM: Vastus lateralis, smallest gauge needle
IV: scalp, nondominant hand, forearm, upper arm feet, antecubital fossa

PO: can swallow liquid forms, or chew tablets.
Rectal
IM: Vastus lateralis
IV: scalp up to 18 months, then same as infant

IM injections: Vastus lateralis, Ventrogluteral, dorsogluteral, after walking for one year

PO some can swalow pills
same as pre school

Watch for sensitivity about their bodies. treat like an adult

longer disintegration & absorption time, and decreased systemic drug

decrease in of absorption

1. Decreased total body water
2. Decreased lean body mass
3. Increased body fat
4. Decreased serum albumin
5. Increased aphal 1-acid glycoprotein
6. less effective blood-brain barrier

decreased hepatic mass
decreased hepatic blood flow, thus increased drug blood levels, extended half lives, and you must account for smaller dosing as not to make toxic

decreased renal blood flow
decreased glomerular function
decreased tubular secretion= slower drug secretion and altered drug half-life

1. do they live alone
2. mental status
3. Difficulty swallowing
4. lifestyle

more free drugs in circulation, and more free drugs to cross the placenta

there is 50% increase in cardiac output. Decreased arterial pressure.

a

Do not even think about it

Remember Skull & Cross bones

right before she breast feeds.

CNS stimulant system drugs, schedule 2 drug. ADD,ADHD
SE:Dizziness, agitation,, stimulation, tachycardia, palpiataions.

(doxapram, Dopram)
Stimulates breathing. Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle.
SE: Insomnia, increased pulse & blood pressure angina

Local anesthetic. Prolonged when you add epinephrine. Vasoconstriction.
SE: Hypersensitivity to amide local anesth., infection at site of administration.

Inhalant, usually used in eye surgeries. Usually given with nitrous oxide.
SE: hypersensitivity to halogenated compounds, malignant hyperthermia.

Stage 1: no pain
Stage 2: excitement, restlessness
Stage 3: Surgical Anesthesia
Stage 4: toxic stage

Induction of anesthesia with a combination of drugs. Opiod, Barbiturates, benos, skeletal, neuro blocking agents, inhalants.

IV use for conscious sedation. effects gabba. BENZO
SE: Impairs the ability to store new information , glaucoma,, addiction drowsiness, blood disorders

Antagonizes the efects of benzodiazapines. Used to reverse the effects of of benzos.

Non-benzo Effects Omega-1 receptors, used only as a hypnotic.

Muscle spasm (relaxants): cns depression.
SE: Anticholinergic activity is more prone in older adults (dry mouth, constipation) Arrhthmias

Spasmolytics, centrally acting. A derivative of the neurotransmittier gabba.

botulinum toxin type a (botox) Local acting . Fall risk, symptoms of hepatitis, blood dyscrasis

Controls seizures by promoting sodium efflux.
SE: bradycardia,AV heartblock, softned gums,

Used for complex partial seizures.
SE: Massive hepatic cellular necrosis, dizziness, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting

used to control absence seizures. reduces synaptic nerve response to low frequency repetitive stimulation.
SE: GI effects, rash, pancytopenia, emotional, sleep disturbances.

Considered adjunct anticonvulsant.

Narcotic agonist used to treat mild to moderate pain. Stimulates at the opiate receptors in the cns ( mu receptors)
SE: Respiratory depression, decreased urinary output, constipation, dizziness

Moderate narcotic, often combined with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (nsaids).
SE: Drowsiness, dry mouth, constipation, nausea/vomiting

Mixed agonist/antagonist narcotic. Stimulates at some receptors (kappa) but blocks at others (mu).

Reversal of respiratory depression caused by narcotic overdose. Causes withdrawal in pt. who have opioid physical dependance.
SE: sweating, tachycardia, increased BP, tremors