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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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four main sources of drugs are
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plants
animals minerals laboratory(synthetic) |
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examples of schedule II drugs with high abuse potential that has accepted medical indications
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Opium, cocaine, morphine, codeine, oxycodone, methadone, secobarbital
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four types of drug names
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chemical
generic official brand |
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a chemical used to diagnose, treat or prevent disease
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drug
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ex of schedule III drugs with less abuse potential than schedule I. has accepted medical indications
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vicodin, tylenol with codeine
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schedule IV drug examples
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Diazepam, lorazepam, phenobarbital
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the study of drugs and their interactions with the body
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pharmacology
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schedule V drugs, low abuse potential and has accepted medical indications
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limited amounts of opioids often for cough or diarrhea
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test that determines the amount and purity of a given chemical in a preparation in the laboratory
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assay
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examples of schedule one drugs with high abuse potential
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Heroin,LSD,mescaline
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specialized protein that combines with a drug resulting in a biochemical effect
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receptor
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drug prepared using an alcohol extraction process, some alcohol usually remains in the final drug preg
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tinctures
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drugs mixed with a waxlike base that melts at body temp
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suppositories
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drugs shaped spherically to be easy to swallow
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pills
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this route which offers very rapid absorption is especially useful for delivering drugs whose target tissues are in the lungs
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inhalation/nebulized
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this route allows a slower absorption than iv administration as the drug passes into the capillaries
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IM intramuscular
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With its rapid onset, this is the preferred route in most emergencies
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intravenous---IV
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delivery of a medication outside of the GI tract, typically using needles to inject medications into the circulatory system or tissues
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parenteral route
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the breakage of a chemical bond by adding water
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hydrolysis
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the livers partial or complete inactivation of a drug before it reaches the systemic circulation
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first-pass effect
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the body's breaking down chemicals into different chemicals
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metabolism
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tight junctions of the capillary endothelial cells in the central nervous system vasculature through which only non-protein-bound, highly lipid-soluble drugs can pass
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blood brain barrier
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to become electrically charged or polar
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ionize
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movement of molecules across a membrane from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure
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filtration
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movement of solute in a solution from and area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
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diffusion
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process in which carrier proteins transport large molecules across the cell membrane
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carrier-mediated diffusion or facilitated diffusion
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how a drug interacts with the body to cause its effects
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pharmacodynamics
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how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized and excreted:how drugs are transported into and out of the body
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pharmacokinetics
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medication that may deform or kill the fetus
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teratogenic drug
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what are the six rights of medication administration
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right person, right drug, right dose, right time, right route, right documentation
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most common liquid preparation generally water based or oil based liquid drug
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solution
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gelatin containers filled with powder or timy pills
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capsules
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powders compressed into disk-like form
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tablets
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allows slow continuous release of drugs through the skin
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transdermal
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this route is slower than IM because the subQ tissue is less vascular than the muscular tissue
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SUB-Q
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delivers drugs to the medullary space of bone and most often used as an alternative to iv administration in both children and adults
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IO intraosseous
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most emergency medications are given iv to avoid drug degradation in which organ
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liver
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delivery of a medication through the gastrointestinal tract
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enteral route
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the loss of hydrogen atoms or the acceptance of an oxygen atom. this increases the positive charge or lessens the negative charge on the molecule.
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oxidation
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medication that is not active when administered but whose biotransformation converts it into active metabolites
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prodrug
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biochemical barrier at the maternal/fetal interface that restricts certain molecules
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placental barrier
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amount of a drug that is still active after it reaches its target tissue
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bioavailability
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the body absorbs most drugs (faster or slower) when they are given IM than when they are given subq
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faster
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movement of a SOLVENT in a solution from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration
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osmosis
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movement of a substance without the use of energy
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passive transport
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requires the use of energy to move a substance
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active transport
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geriatric patients may absorb oral medication different from other pt's. it is slower or faster
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slower
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proportion of a drug available in the body to cause either desired or undesired effects
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free drug availability
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Special considerations of drug administration include
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pregnant patients
pediatric patients geriatric patients |
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drug or other substance that blocks the actions of the sympathetic nervous system
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sympatholytic
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drug or other substance that blocks or inhibits the actions of the parasympathetic nervous system(also called anticholinergic)
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parasympatholytic
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pertaining to the neurotransmitter norepinephrine
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adrenergic
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chemical messenger that conducts a nervous impulse across a synapse
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neurotransmitter
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the part of the nervous system that controls involuntary actions
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autonomic nervous system
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medication that induces a loss of sensation to touch or pain
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anesthetic
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the absence of all sensations
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anethesia
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medication that relieves the sensation of pain
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analgesic
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time the body takes to clear one half of a drug
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biologic half life
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the time from administration until a medication reaches its minimum effective concentration
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onset of action
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one drug binds to a receptor and causes the expected effect while also blocking another drug from triggering toe same receptor
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competitive antagonism
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drugs that binds to a receptor but does not cause it to initiate the expected response
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antagonist
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a drugs ability to cause the expected response
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efficacy
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test to ascertain a drugs availability in a biological model
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bioassay
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drugs used to treat hypertension
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antihypertensive
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drugs or other substance that causes effects like those of the sympathetic nervous system
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sympathomimetic
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drug or other substance that causes effects like those of the parasympathetic nervous system
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parasympathomimetic
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pertaining to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine
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cholinergic
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space between nerves is known as
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synapse
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state of decreased anxiety and inhibitions
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sedation
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agent that enhances the effects of other drugs
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adjunct medication
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the absence of the sensation of pain
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analgesia
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drug that best demonstrates the class's common properties and illustrates its particular characteristics
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prototype
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length of time the amount of drug remains above its minimum effective concentration
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duration of action
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unintended response to a drug
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side effect
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drug that binds to a receptor and stimulates some of its effects but blocks others
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agonist-antagonist
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drug that binds to a receptor and causes it to initiate the expected response
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agonist
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force of attraction between a drug and a receptor
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affinity
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