- Shuffle
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Alphabetize
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Front First
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Both Sides
Toggle OnToggle Off
Front
How to study your flashcards.
Right/Left arrow keys: Navigate between flashcards.right arrow keyleft arrow key
Up/Down arrow keys: Flip the card between the front and back.down keyup key
H key: Show hint (3rd side).h key
PLAY BUTTON
PLAY BUTTON
41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Identify 2 fundamental divisions of the nervous system
|
Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
|
|
3 Primary Functions of the nervous system
|
1) Recognizing changes in the internal & external environment.
2) Processing & integrating the environmental changes perceived. 3) Reacting to the environmental changes by producing an action/response. |
|
Area of the brain associated with anxiety, sleep, and wakefulness
|
Limbic System & RAS (reticular activating system)
|
|
Primary neurotransmitters
|
norepinephrine (NE) and acetylcholine (Ach)
|
|
Adrenergic
|
NE
Alpha1- vasoconstriction, dilation of pupils Alpha2- Inhibits the release of NE Beta1- Increase heart rate and force of contraction, release of renin Beta2-Inhibition of smooth muscle |
|
Cholinergic
|
Ach
Nicotinic- Stimulate smooth muscle & gland secretion Muscarinic- Decrease heart rate & force of contraction/stimulation of smooth muscle & gland secretions |
|
Classes of autonomic drugs
|
1) Sympathomimetics
2) Sympatholytics/Adrenergic Antagonist 3) Parasympathomimetics 4) Anticholinergics |
|
Sympathomimetics
|
Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system.
|
|
Sympatholytics/Adrenergic Antagonist
|
Inhibit sympathetic nervous system
|
|
Parasympathomimetics
|
Stimulate parasympathetic nervous system
|
|
Anticholinergics
|
Inhibit parasympathetic nervous system
|
|
What produces the similar/same response as a Sympathomimetic? What is different?
|
Anticholinergic. Sympathomimetics are more targeted and have a more widespread therapeutic application due to the alpha/beta receptors.
|
|
What are Alpha1 drugs used to treat? Name most common.
|
nasal congestion, hypotension (can cause mydriasis during ophthalmic exams)- phenylephrine
|
|
What are Alpha2 druges used to treat?
|
hypertension
|
|
What are Beta1 drugs used to treat?
|
cardiac arrest, heart failure, shock
|
|
What are Beta2 drugs used to treat?
|
asthma, premature labor contractions
|
|
Which causes more adverse side effects- slective or non-selective drugs?
|
non-selective drugs
|
|
Which class of autonomic drug is the most widely prescribed?
|
Adrenergic antagonists (sympatholytic)
|
|
ending in "lol"
|
Beta Blocker
|
|
Direct Acting Parasympathomimetic
|
- Rest-Digest
- Poorly absorbed in GI tract - Longer duration of action than Ach - Do not cross blood/brain barrier |
|
Rest-Digest response
|
Parasympathomimetics
|
|
Flight-Fight
|
Sympathomimetics
|
|
Acetylcholine
|
Parasympathomimetic
|
|
Muscarinic Agonist
|
direct-acting parasympathomimetics
|
|
Indirect-Acting Parasympathomimetics
|
- Inhibit the action of AchE/prolong action of Ach
- Non-selective |
|
Cholinersterate Inhibitor
|
indirect-acting parasympathomimetic
|
|
Used to treat Myasthenia gravis
|
cholinesterase inhibitors
|
|
Prototype drug: Prazosin
|
- selective alpha1- adrenergic agonist.
- competes with NE -reduces blood pressure - can cause orthostatic hypotension and reflex tachycardia. |
|
Prototype drug: Phenylephrine
|
- nasal decongestant
- selective alpha-adrenergic agonist - side effects uncommon - ophthalmic preps can cause narrow-angle glaucoma, mydriatic effect - contraindications: acute pancreatitis, heart disease, hepatitis, narrow-angle glaucoma. |
|
Prototype drug: Bethanechol
|
- muscarinic (direct-acting parasympathomimetic) cholinergic receptor agonist
- nonobstructive urinary retention agent - Pregnancy category C - Oral/SubQ doses are not interchangable - Contraindications: asthma, epilepsy, parkinsons. |
|
Therapeutic uses for Anticholinergics
|
- GI disorders
- Ophthalmic procedures - Cardiac rythym abnormalities - Preanesthesia - Asthma |
|
Prototype drug: Atropine
|
- Muscarinic cholinergic receptor agonist
- Never admin IM - Oral/SubQ doses are not interchangable - Pregnancy category C - Contraindications: glaucoma, obstructive GI disorders, paralytic ileus, bladder neck obstruction, BPH, myasthenia gravis, cardiac insufficiency, acute hemorrhage. |
|
Which class of autonomic drugs produce high incidence of side effects?
|
Anticholinergics
|
|
3 most significant catecholamines
|
epinephrine, NE, dopamine
|
|
Catecholamines are
|
sympathetic acting substances that cannot be given orally due to breakdown in gastric system
|
|
Dopaminergic receptors
|
heart, kidney, brain- when stimulated increase blood flow
|
|
Inactivation factors to prevent a prolonged effect of a drug
|
Reuptake, Degradation, Diffusion
|
|
Prototypes for mixed action (both direct and indirect acting) Andrenergic
|
Adrenaline (epinephrine), Ventolin (albuterol)
|
|
Prototype: Inderal (propranolol)
|
beta blocker
|
|
Tensilon (edrophonium chloride)
|
treatment of Myasthenia Gravis
|
|
Protoype: Tacrine (Cognex)
|
Anticholinergic used to treat Parkinsons
|
