pharmacology for NCLEX LPN

antedote for poisoning [hepatotoxic OD] with acetaminophen (PO w/I 24 hrs)
Prevents or lessens liver damage
Dilute in fruit juice or other beverage
Will make nasal and bronchial secretions watery and facilitate coughing

Darepoetin
epoetin

Ferros fumarate, gluconate, sulfate, iron dextran, iron polysaccharide, iron sucrose, sodium ferric gluconate complex
w/OJ, not milk, tarry stools, constipation, stains teeth.

Prevent and treat attacks
Dilate coronary arteries, cause systemic vasodilation
End in –ate except nitroglycerin
Many forms, including sublingual

prophylactic
Dilate coronary arteries, some also slow HR
End in –ine; except diltiazem and verapamil

prophylactic
Decrease myocardial oxygen consumption via decrease in heart rate
End in -olol

End in –am
Alprazolam (Xanax)
Diazepam (Valium)
Lorazepam (Ativan)
Midazolam (versed)
Depress CNS
Daytime drowsiness/ alcohol potentiates
Tolerance/potential for physical dependence

Advise to take pulse before and hold for pulse <50
Don’t crush, open, break or chew
Lidocaine Amiodorone
Fosphenytoin Diltiazem
Phenytoin Verampamil
Propafenone Atropine
Esmolol Digoxin

albuterol
epi
levalbuteral (Xopenex)

Metaproterenol [Alupent]
Pirbuterol [Maxair]
Salmeterol (long)
Terbutaline [po, SC, IV]
Theophylline
Formoterol (long)
Aminophylline [po/IV]

Always use bronchodilator FIRST and allow 5 minutes before other medications

Beclomethasone (Qvar)
Betamethasone (Celestone)
Budesonide (Pulmicort)
Cortisone
Dexamethasone
Flunisolide (Aerobid)
Fluticasone (Flovent)
Hydrocortisone
Methylprednisolone
Mometasone
Prednisolone
Prednisone
Triamcinolone
ALL DECREASE INFLAMMATION
PROPHYLACTIC- NOT FOR ACUTE ATTACKS

dry things up.
May give prior to intubation
^ HR, Decrease N/V, Dry mouth, Dilation pupils, Decrease GI motility, Resolution of signs of Parkinson’s

Bradyrythmias- given for slow heart rate, will ^ HR.

Bronchospasm (inhalation) and rhinorrhea (nasal)

apply patch at least 4 hours before travel. PO 30 min before meal.

Monitor aPTT with full-dose heparin therapy and HCT and other clotting factors through treatment
Overdose antidote is protamine sulfate
Enoxaprin (lovenox)- SC
- low molecular weight

Warfarin
Monitor PT/ INR- 2-3
Antidote for overdose is Vitamin K

Review foods high in Vitamin K with pts. On warfarin. Consistent intake is necessary- fluctuation will cause fluctuation in PT and dose adjustment necessary.

delays digestion of ingested carbs, thus lowering blood glucose and may be combined with sulfonylureas.

lower blood glucose by stimulating endogenous insulin secretion by beta cells of pancreas and increasing sensitivity to insulin at receptor sites

increase insulin sensitivity

Teach how to take BP
Change position slowly
Watch OTC cold meds
Not advised during pregnancy
Take even when not feeling well to avoid rebound hypertension
Always tell MD if side effects > outcome