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90 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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_____ secrete pepsinogen.
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Chief Cells
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_____ are stimulated by acetylcholine from nerve fibers, gastrin, and histamine to secrete hydrochloric acid.
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Parietal Cells
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_____ activates pepsinogen to pepsin.
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Hydrocholoric Acid
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Normal pH in the stomach ranges from _____ to _____.
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1 to 5
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Parietal cells secrete _____ needed for absorption of vitamin B12.
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intrinsic factor
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The enzyme _____ digests fats.
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lipase
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The enzyme _____ digests carbohydrates.
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amylase
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_____ are produced by cells lining the stomach and prevent injury by inhibiting gastric acid secretion, maintaining blood flow, and stimulating mucus and bicarbonate production.
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Prostaglandins
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GERD stands for _____.
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gastroesophageal reflux disease
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GERD is commonly called _____.
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heartburn
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Causes of GERD include _____. (7 answers)
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weakened lower esophageal sphincter; delayed gastric emptying; hiatal hernia; obesity; overeating; tight-fitting clothing; and increased acid secretion.
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Acid secretions are increased by _____. (5 answers)
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smoking, alcohol, carbonated beverages, coffee, and spicy foods.
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_____ disease refers to several stomach disorders that result from an imbalance between acidic stomach contents and the body's normal defense barriers, causing ulcerations in the GI tracts.
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Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)
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PUD stands for _____.
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Peptic Ulcer Disease
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The two most common illnesses identified as PUDs are _____ and _____.
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gastric and duodenal ulcers
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Often the only symptom reported for PUD is _____.
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epigastric pain
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_____ is the bacteria associated with as many as 90% of duodenal ulcers and 70% of gastric ulcers.
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Helicobacter pylori
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_____ are not recommended for persons who are asymptomatic with H. pylori.
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Antibiotics
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_____ neutralize gastric acid, causing the gastric contents to be less acidic.
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Antacids
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_____ provide a protective covering over the ulcer crater.
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Coating Agents
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_____ decrease the volume of hydrochloric acid produced, increase the gastric pH, resulting in decreased irritation of the gastric mucosa.
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H2 Antagonists
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_____ block the formation of hydrochloric acid, reducing irritation of the gastric mucosa.
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Proton Pump Inhibitors
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_____ increase the lower esophageal sphincter muscle pressure and peristalsis, hastening emptying of the stomach to reduce reflux.
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Prokinetic Agents
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_____ reduce the secretion of saliva, hydrochloric acid, pepsin, bile, and otgher enzymatic fluids necessary for digestion and decreased GI motility and secretions.
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Anticholinergic Agents
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_____ are used to treat acute gastric and duodenal ulcers, and gastroesophageal disease, as well as for maintenance to prevent ulcer recurrence.
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H2 Antagonists
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_____ are used to treat hyperacidity conditions, such as GERD and Zollinger-Ellision syndrome.
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Proton Pump Inhibitors
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_____ agents are used to treat GERD.
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Prokinetic
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_____ decrease gasric secretions by inhibiting vagal stimuilation.
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Anticholinergic Agents
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_____ are used to treat GI disorders requiring decreased gastric motility or decreased gastric secretions.
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Anticholinergic Agents
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Antacids should be administered _____ before meals, or _____ after meals, and _____.
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1 hour before meals, 2-3 hours after meals, and at bedtime
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Medications administered with antacids should be given _____ before or _____ after antacids.
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1 hour before or 2 hours after antacids
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_____ lower the acidity of gastric secretions by buffering the hydrochloric acid.
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Antacids
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Antacids are combinations of what ingredients? (5 answers)
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aluminum hydroxide; magnesium oxide; magnesium hydroxide; magesium trisilicate; and calcium carbonate
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_____ is a defoaming agent that breaks up gas bubbles in the stomach, reducing stomach distention and heartburn.
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Simethicone
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For indigestion, antacids should not be administered for more than _____.
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2 weeks
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Constipation is a common complaint of patients taking antacids containing _____. (2 answers)
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calcium carbonate, aluminum hydroxide
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Excess _____ results in diarrhea.
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magnesium
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Antacids containing _____ and _____ may cause rebound hyperacidity.
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calcium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate
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Patients with renal failure should not take large quantities of antacids containing _____.
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magnesium
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_____ act by blocking H2 receptors, resulting in a decrease in volume of acid secreted.
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H2 Receptor Antagonists
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_____ are used to treat GERD, duodenal ulcers, and pathologic hypersecretory conditions, such as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, and stress ulcers in critically ill patients.
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H2 Receptor Antagonists
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When administering an H2 Receptor Antagonist with antacids, the antacid should be given _____ before or _____ after the H2 Antagonist.
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1 hour before or 2 horus after
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Tagamet is the trade name for _____.
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cimetidine
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Pepcid is the trade name for _____.
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famotidine
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Axid is the trade name for _____.
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nizatidine
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Zantac is the trade name for _____.
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ranitidine
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H2 Receptor Antagonists end with _____.
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-tidine
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The first synthetic prostaglandin E series drug used to treat GI disorders is _____.
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misoprostol (Cytotec)
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Cytotec is the trade name for _____.`
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misoprostol
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Prostaglandin inhibition in the stomach makes the patient more predisposed to _____.
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peptic ulcers
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Misoprostol is used to prevent and treat gastic ulcers caused by _____.
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NSAIDs
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When is misoprostol is contraindicated?
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During pregnancy and in women at risk of becoming pregnant.
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Misoprostol is what class of drug?
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Gastrointestinal Prostaglandin
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_____ inhibit gastric secretion by inhibiting the gastric acid pump of the stomach's parietal cells.
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Proton Pump Inhibitors
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_____ have no anticholinergic or H2 receptor antagonis actions.
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Proton Pump Inhibitors
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Proton Pump Inhibitors are used to treat _____. (5 answers)
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severe esophagitis, GERD, gastric ulcers, duodenal ulcers, and hypersecretory disorders (ex. Zollinger-Ellision syndrome).
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What three PPI need to be taken before meals?
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omeprazole (Prilosec), lansoprazole (Prevacid), and esomeprazole (Nexium)
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Which H2 Receptor Antagonist may reduce the anticoagulant effects of warfarin.
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cimetidine (Tagamet)
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Which PPI may reduce the rate of metabolism of warfarin, thereby increasing the amount of warfarin remaining in the blood?
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omeprazole (Prilosec)
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Proton Pump Inhibitors end in _____.
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-prazole
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Nexium is the trade name for _____.
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esomeprazole
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Prevacid is the trade name for _____.
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lansoprazole
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Prilosec is the trade name for _____.
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omeprazole
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Protonix is the trade name for _____.
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pantoprazole
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Aciphex is the trade name for _____.
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rabeprazole
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Carafate is the trade name for _____.
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sucralfate (Carafate)
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The coating agent _____ dose not inhibit gastric secretions or alter gastric pH.
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sucralfate (Carafate)
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Sucralfate is used to treat _____.
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duodenal ulcers
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Sucralfate may induce what GI problem?
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Constipation
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When administering sucralfate with antacids, give the antacids at least _____ before or after the sucralfate.
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at least 30 minutes before
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Reglan is the trade name for _____.
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metoclopramide
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_____ is a gastric stimulant that increases lower esophageal sphincter pressure, stomach contractions, peristalis in the GI tract, and relaxes the pyloric valve.
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Metoclopramide (Reglan)
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Metoclopramide is an _____ that blocks dopamine in the chemoreceptor trigger zone.
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antiemetic
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Metoclopramide is used for _____. (5 answers)
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gastric reflux esophagitis; diabetic gastroparesis; as an aid in small bowel intubation; to stimulate gastric emptying of barium; and as an antiemetic for chemotherapy
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Extrapyramidal symptoms include _____. (4 answers)
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restlessness; involuntary movements; facial grimacing; and rhythmic tongue protrusion
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Metoclopramide should not be used in patient with _____.
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epilepsy
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Extrapyramidal symptoms resulting from the administration of metoclopramide can be treated with _____.
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diphenhydramine
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_____ fibers stimulate the GI tract, causeing secretion of saliva, hydrochloric acid, pepsin, bile, and other enzymatic fluids.
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Cholinergic
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Anticholinergic agents act by preventing _____ from attaching to the cholinergic receptors in the GI tract.
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acetylcholine
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Anticholinergic agents are used to treat _____. (7 answers)
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IBS, biliary spasm, mild ulcerative colitis, diverticulitis, pancreatitis, infant colic, and PUD.
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Anticholinergic therapy is contraindicated in what eye condition?
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closed-angle glaucoma
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Which type of glaucoma patient can safely use anticholinergic agents?
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open-angle glaucoma
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Atropine Sulfate is the trade name for _____.
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atropine
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Belladonna Tincture is the trade name for _____.
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belladonna
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Bentyl is the trade name for _____.
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dicyclomine
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Robninul is the trade name for _____.
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glycopyrrolate
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Cantil is the trade name for _____.
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mepenzolate
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Pamine is the trade name for _____.
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methscopolamine
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Pro-Banthine is the trade name for _____.
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propantheline
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Scopace is the trade name for _____.
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scopolamine
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