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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Conclusion?
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A claim being put forward
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Premise/s?
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The reasoning put forward to support the claim
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3 Reasons for argument?
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To persuade others of our view
Justify our current beliefs Persuade someone to do something |
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Two potentially manipulative and indoctrinating ways to get someone to do or believe something other than through argument?
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Cause - (Making child sick with alcohol)
Give a motive |
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Opinion?
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A belief usually held with a relatively low-degree of confidence
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Arguments can exist through...
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Prose
Poetry Actions Images |
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Declarative sentences?
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Declare something is the case
"Yes, I will die." |
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Exclamatory sentences?
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End with exclamation mark
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Interrogative sentences?
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End with question mark
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Compound sentence?
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Two declaratives linked with "and", "while", "but", etc.
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Imperative sentence?
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Making something happen
"Chill out!" If the person then complied, it would become true that the person was chilled. |
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Two functions of declarative sentences?
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Asserts things as true or false
State facts |
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Conjunction?
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Two statements with AND in the middle
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Disjunction?
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Two statements with OR, WHILE or ALTHOUGH in the middle
Only one is true |
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Sub-argument?
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When a claim serves as a premise and a conclusion.
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Two indicators of argument?
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When truth or falsity of one statement inferred from truth or falsity of another
Discourse contains statements to justify, prove, disprove... |
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Premise Indicators?
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Since, because, for, as indicated by, follows from, may be inferred from, may be derived from, on the grounds that, for the reason that, as shown by, given that, may be deduced from...
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Conclusion Indicators?
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Therefore, thus, so, consequently, hence, then, it follows that, it can be inferred that, in conclusion, accordingly, for this reason, on these grounds, proves that, shows that, indicates that, we can conclude that, we can infer that, demonstrates that...
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When are inference indicators not as necessary?
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When statements are easily separable.
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Noun phrase example?
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Because of the king's annoyance.
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Indeterminacy and example?
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When you can't tell whether or not an inference indicator is being used as an inference indicator or in a context unrelated to argument?
"As his muscles began to ache, he became distracted." |
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Conditional Statements?
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If/then statements often found within argument
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Difference between argument and explanation?
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Argument: Premises put forward as a grounds to justify a conclusion
Explanation: Claims to render a further claim understandable offering an account as to why it is true |
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Explanation by purpose and example?
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Explaining why something makes sense by relating it to human motives.
"Because I want a promotion, I work extra hard." |
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Explanation of meaning?
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Explaining the meaning of a word by using other words
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Most common type of sentence use din reasoning?
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Declaratives
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Is form (Interrogative, imperative, declarative, etc...) an infallible guide to function?
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No
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The simple component statements of a conjunction are called...
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Conjuncts
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The statement being "inferred" is always...
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The conclusion
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