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139 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is phlebotomy?
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the process of bloodletting.
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phlebos means?
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vein
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-tome means?
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an incision.
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what are the three components of communication?
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1.) verbal skills
2.) non-verbal skills 3.) the ability to listen |
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what is kinesics?
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the study of non-verbal communication.
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define the kinesic slip?
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when verbal and non-verbal messages do not match.
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what is proxemics?
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the study of an individuals concept and use of space.
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ambulatory care means?
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outpatient.
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non-ambulatory care means?
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inpatient.
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what is a CBC?
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a complete blood count. it is the counting of cells and the reporting of results.
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what is basic phlebotomy?
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skin puncture, and blood drawing
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what percent of patients diagnoses, monitors, and treatments are based on lab results?
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70-80%
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ancient phlebotomy was _____ while todays phlebotomy is ______?
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1.) curative
2.) diagnostic. |
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what 2 conditions require phlebotomists to withdrawal blood?
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1.) polycythemia
2.) hemochromatosis |
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rubra means?
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red
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vera means?
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primary.
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what is polycythemia?
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the blood condition of an exceedingly high erythrocyte count.
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why is polycythemia bad?
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it causes to many red blood cells in which O2 is not able to be obtained sufficiently to tissues.
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erythrocytes do what?
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transport O2.
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leukocytes do what?
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protect against infection
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platelets do what?
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help the process of clot formation.
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what is cyanosis?
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when a blueish tint is present in the surface of the skin.
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cyanosis is a sign of what?
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polycythemia.
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what is hemochromatosis?
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a blood condition in which there is too much iron in the blood.
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how many hemoglobin molecules are present on one erythrocyte?
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280 million
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each hemoglobin has how many molecules of iron?
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4
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what gives erythrocytes their reddish color?
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the presence of iron in hemoglobin
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-logist means?
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one who specializes.
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the NCCLS and the CLSI do what?
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they are organizations who set the standards for phlebotomy procedures.
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JCAHO and CAP do what?
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the are accrediting organizations.
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what is a CLS?
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a clinical laboratory scientist who has attained a 4yr. bachelors as well as had clinical training.
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what is a CLT?
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a clinical lab technician who has attained an associates degree and has had clinical lab training.
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A CLT and a CLS can both run tests and do results but who can sign results?
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CLS only.
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what are cytologists?
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specialists who have a 4yr. bachelors degree and look at and identify possible dangerous cells.
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what are histologists?
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specialists with some college education and clinical training and they process samples, and prepare them for microscopic analysis.
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what is a pathologist?
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an MD who has had clinical and anatomical pathology training, they are also the lab director.
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what education level is needed for a phlebotomist?
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high school diploma and training.
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what is the PRIMARY goal for a phlebotomist?
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to collect venous blood specimens.
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what does the hematology department cover under their area?
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CBC's, hemoglobin, hematocrit, reticulocyte count, erythrocyte count, leukocyte count, platelet count, and ESR
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what is an ESR?
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erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
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what are reticulocytes?
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immature erythrocytes.
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what is hematocrit?
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the percentage of erythrocytes in a sample of blood.
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what does an ESR do?
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it is a test to see how fast RBC's set at the bottom of the tube.
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what is the coagulation department in charge of?
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Prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time.
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what is PT?
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prothrombin time
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what is PTT?
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partial thromboplastin time
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what is the chemistry department responsible for?
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basal metabolic panel, comprehensive metabolic panel, chemistry panel, Na, K, Ca, blood sugar, BUN, creatinine, bilirubin, cholesterol, and triglycerides
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what are the 3 components of formed elements
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erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets
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what is a panel?
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group of tests together
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what is a fast sed rate a tell tale sign of?
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some type of inflammation
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what is anemia?
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a low erythrocyte count
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what is another name for the blood bank?
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immunohematology
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what is the purpose of the blood bank?
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to type and screen, cross match, and blood group
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what is the purpose of microbiology?
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the study of small living life
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what is O and P and what department is in charge of it?
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1.) ova and parasite.
2.) microbiology |
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all of the body cultures such as urine, stool, and blood are under what department?
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microbiology
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what is a cross match?
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it is the process of mixing transfusion blood with patients before performing a transfusion
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what is a culture?
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growing a germ
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CAP stands for what
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college of american pathologists
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CLIA stands for what?
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clinical laboratory improvement amendment
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HBV stands for what?
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hepatitis B virus
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HCV stands for what?
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hepatitis C virus
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HIV stands for what?
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human immunodeficiency disease
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what does JCAHO stand for?
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joint commission on accreditation of health care organization
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what does NCCLS stand for?
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national committee for clinical laboratory standards
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what does CLSI stand for?
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clinical laboratory standards institute, (new name for the NCCLS)
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what does the PPE stand for?
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personal protective equipment
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what does QNS stand for?
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quantity not sufficient, not enough sample
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what does QS stand for?
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quantity sufficient, enough sample
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what does STAT stand for?
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it is short for station, which means immediately
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what percent of communication is non-verbal?
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80-90%
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what are six characteristics of non-verbal communication?
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posture, eye contact, demeanor, distance, audible noise, expression
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what is the definition of communication?
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means by which info. is exchanged or transmitted
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what are the 7 components of communication?
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verbal, non-verbal, kinesics, proxemics, appearance, touch, active listening
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what is kinesics?
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the study of non-verbal communication
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what is an example of kinesics?
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body language
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inter- means?
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between
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intra- means?
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within
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pen- means?
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around
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post-prandial means?
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after meal
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prandial means?
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meal
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hemi- means?
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half
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erythro means?
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red
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albi means?
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white
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cirrho means?
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tawny yellow
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leuko means?
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white
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melan means?
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black
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rube means?
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red
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cyan means?
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blue
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-stasis means?
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stopping, control
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-oma means?
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tumor, growth
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what is hemostasis?
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clot formation, cessation of bleeding
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AC/ac means?
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before meals
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AMA means?
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against medical advice
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BID/bid means?
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twice a day
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BIN/bin means?
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twice a night
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BP means?
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blood pressure
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NPO means?
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nothing by mouth
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os means?
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mouth
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PC/PD means?
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after meals
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PO means?
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by mouth
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pp means?
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postprandial
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prn means?
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as required
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qd means?
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everyday
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TPR means?
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temperature, pulse respiration
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what is a dermal puncture?
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an alternate type of collection procedure when small amounts of blood are needed, venipuncture is impossible, or it is inadvisable.
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dermal puncture is performed usually on whom?
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infants and kids under the age of 2 years old
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what are three other times a dermal puncture may be used?
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for bleeding times, obese patients, and glucose testing
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when is dermal puncture used for geriatric patients?
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when they have higher risks for venous thrombosis', geriatrics with burns or scars over venipuncture sites.
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dermal punctures can be completed for blood cultures, ESR's, and PT and PTT test, T/F?
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false
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skin puncture can be completed if the patient is dehydrated, in shock, and has edema (swelling), T/F?
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false
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what is an example of micro-sampling?
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finger sticks
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what fingers can the finger stick be performed on?
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3rd and 4th
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how is the finger stick supposed to be performed?
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the blade is to be perpendicular to the swirls of the finger
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when are heel sticks done?
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only on patients who are at the ages of 1 day to 12 months
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what is the purpose of wiping the first drop of blood away from the finger stick?
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to avoid finger tissue fluid dilution or contamination
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finger sticks are performed when?
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1.) on adults when a small drop of blood is needed
2.) on overdrawn babies 3.) when veins are fragile or bruised |
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how deep should the heel stick blade go?
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no more than 2.0 mm
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what can an unintentional bone puncture lead to?
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osteomyelitis
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what is the purpose of warming devices on dermal punctures?
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it increases capillary circulation and blood flow
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how long should warmers be used?
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3-5 minutes
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temperatures should not exceed what degree reading?
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42 degrees Centigrade
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on premature infants, heel sticks should not exceed what depths?
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0.65- 0.85 mm
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children under 2 years of age should receive bandages, T/F?
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false
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what is a BT?
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bleeding time test
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what is the purpose of a BT?
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it measures how long it takes for bleeding to stop after an incision has been made
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BT's asses the integrity of what 2 things?
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vascular system, and platelet function
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a normal BT is how long?
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2-10 minutes
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what are the 3 possibilities of a excessive BT?
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aspirin, platelets are not cooperating, vessel issue
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capillary blood is a mixture of what?
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arterial, and venus blood, and tissue fluid
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Hgb and glucose are most prominent in what?
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capillary blood
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K, Ca, and protein values are higher in what?
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venous blood
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what is the angle a blood smear should be made on?
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30 degrees
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the monitoring system for institutions that train phlebotomists is known as a ?
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accreditation
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the laboratory dept.. that test specimens for the presence of bacteria is?
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microbiology
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blood typing and compatibility testing are performed in what?
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the blood bank
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a serum specimen that appears cloudy is considered what?
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lipemic
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which of the following has a higher value in capillary blood than in venous blood?
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Hgb.
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Why are EDTA specimens obtained before other specimens when collected by skin puncture?
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to minimize affects of platelet clumping
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