physical science chp. 14 Flash Cards

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Title: physical science chp. 14
Description: work and machines
Number of Cards: 28
Save Count: 2
Author: theroberts12
Created: 2002-07-30
Tags: physics
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    • Question
    • Answer
    • Side 3
    • pulley
    • a modified lever consisting of a rope that moves around a grooved wheel; can be movable or fixed
    • distance principle
    • states that any reduction in the effort force will be paid for by an increased distance through which that force must act
    • lever
    • a rigid bar capable of turning about a fulcrum
    • mechanical advantage (M.A.)
    • the amount by which a machine magnifies effort (force)
    • law of moments
    • the method for computing the amount of force exerted by levers with unequal arms;
      w(1)d(1) = w(2)d(2)
    • block and tackle
    • an arrangement of fixed and movable pulleys connected by ropes; has a high mechanical advantage
    • second-class lever
    • a lever in which the resistance is located between the fulcrum and the effort
    • watt (W)
    • the SI unit of power; 1 joule of energy per second
    • scientific idealization
    • approximating an answer when an extremely accurate one is not needed
    • third-class lever
    • a lever in which the effort is applied between the fulcrum and the resistance
    • effort arm
    • the distance from the fulcrum to the effort
    • pitch
    • the distance between two adjacent threads on a screw; how high or low a tone sounds to an observer (related to frequency)
    • screw
    • an inclined plane would around a cylinder or cone
    • inclined plane
    • a slanted surface used to raise object
    • joule (J)
    • the SI unit of energy; equal to 1 Newton-meter of work
    • inclined plane
    • a slanted surface used to raise objects
    • efficiency
    • the percent of work input returned as useful output
    • wheel and axle
    • modified lever in which the effort arm and the resistance arm revolve around a central fulcrum
    • power
    • the amount of work done in a given period of time

      P = W/t
    • effort
    • the force that must be applied to a simple machine to make it produce work
    • resistance arm
    • the distance from the fulcrum to the resistance
    • resistance
    • the force against which a simple machine works; opposition to the flow of electrons
    • simple machines
    • One or two part devices that make work easier: lever, wheel and axle, pulley, inclined plane, wedge, screw
    • torque
    • when the law of moments is not being met and there is pivoting on the fulcrum
    • first-class lever
    • a lever in which the fulcrum is located between the effort and the resistance
    • work
    • the product of the force applied on an object multiplied by the distance the object moved;
      w= F x d
    • fulcrum
    • the fixed point about which a lever turns
    • wedge
    • two inclined planes placed "back-to-back"