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25 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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What is Laplace's Law?
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P=2T/R
P=pressure T=Tension R=radius |
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P=2T/R
What is tension in reference to CV system? |
tension is wall of heart (myocardial tissue)
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A distended heart (hypertrophy) has larger radius; if pressure stays constant what happens?
P=2T/R |
Tension increases which increases oxygen requirement
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A distended heart has larger radius; if tension stays constant what happens?
P=2T/R |
decrease in pressure
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Describe Starling's law of the heart according to the power point slide!
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lengthening of cardiac muscle results in increased force of contraction (in normal heart)
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According to the power point: What is described as an increase in myocardial muscle mass due to HTN or excercise?
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Cardiac hypertrophy
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According to the power point:
What is described as an increase in cardiac chamber diameter secondary to cardiac failure? |
Cardiac dilatation
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What is the standard reference site for measuring pressure in circulation?
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Right atrium
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What factors effect peripheral pressure?
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1. Pulsatile nature of blood flow
2. elasticity of arterial vasculature 3. Changes in posture 4. Respiratory cycle (ex: hypotension after induction with controlled ventilation) 5. Sleep cycle (BP decreased when sleeping) 6. Anxiety 7. Exercise |
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How many mmHg at head when standing?
at heart? at feet? |
head -55
heart - 90 feet - 200 |
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What is Ohm's law of blood flow?
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P=CO x SVR
P=MAP - RAP Mean P = DP + (1/3 x PP) |
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How do you know you have the correct size BP cuff?
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Width of cuff 20%>diameter of arm
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Ascultation:Korotkoff sounds
name the 5 steps! |
1. sounds first appear (SBP)
2. slight muffling 3. rise in volume 4. abrupt fall of sound level 5. final loss of sound (DBP) |
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How do automatic BP cuffs work?
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oscillometry
beginning of oscillation = SBP Max oscillation = MAP decrease oscillation = DBP |
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How long should you wait in between BP readings to allow good arm decongestion?
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2-3 min
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How do u perform an Allen's test?
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Hold ulnar and radial arteries and have pt sqeeze hand -- then let go of ulnar and make sure pt has good blood return to hand (5 sec)
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Name 3 things that can cause inaccurate BP readings.
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1. arrhythmias
2. low BP (less than 50mmHg) 3. inappropriate cuff size |
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What is the preferred artery for art line?
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radial
avoid brachial or median in AC |
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What kind of catheter do you use to avoid thrombus formation for art line?
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teflon
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What happens to the art line waveform from the aorta to the dorsalis pedis?
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becomes narrower and increase in amplitude
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What is the dicrotic notch caused by?
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Closing of the aortic valve
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What is over-damping of the art line caused by?
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bent catheter, catheter against wall, etc (blunting)
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What is under-damping of the art line caused by?
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pressure tubing too long (resonance frequency)
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Name 7 advantages of art lines
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1. potential accuracy
2. continuous display 3. immed. BP 4. use in shock, controlled hypotension 5. reliability 6. avoids upper arm pain 7. ABGs |
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Name 3 disadvantages of art lines
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1. thrombosis
2. technical skill needed 3. potential for exsang. |
