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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the electrical charge of a electrons and protons
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1.6 x 10^-19
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What happens to an electron if there is change in the voltage
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it will move
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What is the postive region of an electric circuit
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anode
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What is the negative region of an electric circut
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cathode
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Are electrons repelled from the cathod and attracted to the anode
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yes
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What is the cause of movement of electrons in a complete circuit
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An y voltage source in a complete circuit will therefore result in a flow of electrons
in the circuit. |
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What is current
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the flow of electrons through a circuit
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What is electric current measured in
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amperes
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What is an atom made up of
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protons, neutrons and electrons
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Where are protons and neutrons found
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nucleus
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Is an isolated neutron stable
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no, half life of 11 minutes
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What is the units of power
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watt
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What is the formula for power
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current x volts
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Explain what a electron volt is
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One electron volt (eV) is the kinetic energy gained whe n a single electron is acceler-ated between two plates that differ in potential by 1 V. Before leaving the negatively charged
plate, the electron has a potential energy of 1 eV. |
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What is the atomic number
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Th e atomic number (Z) is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom and is
unique for each element. |
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What is the mass number
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-Th e mass number (A) is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
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What is the notation of a element in the periodic table
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Mass number is A
Atomic number is Z |
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What is Z in the periodic table anotation
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Z = protons.
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How much do protons and neutrons weigh
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1.6 x 10 ^− 2 7 kg. (1 amu)
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What is avogadro number
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On e gram-mole of a substance contains 6 x 10^23 atoms
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What is a nucleon
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a fancy way of saying protons and neutrons
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According to the bohr model how do electrons surround the nucleus
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electrons surround the nucleus in shells (e.g., K-shell and L-shell) as shown for tungsten
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How are the shells containing electrons named
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Eac h shell is assigned a principal quantum number (n), beginning with one for the
K-shell, two for the L-shell, and so on. |
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How many electrons can each K shell contain
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-Th e number of electrons each shell can contain is 2n^2 for example the K-shell in tungsten (n = 1) has 2 electrons, the L-shell (n = 2) has 8 electrons,
the M-shell (n = 3) has 18 electrons, and so on. |
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What determines the chemical properties of a atom
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Th e number of electrons in the outer shell (valence electrons) determines the
chemical properties of the atom |
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What does the bohr model of an atom look like
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What causes an atom to stay together
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Atomi c electrons are held in place by the electrostatic pull of the positively
charged nucleus. |
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What is electron binding energy
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Th e work that is required to remove an electron from an atom is called the electron
binding energy |
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What causes the electron binding energy to decrease
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The electron binding energy decreases rapidly with electron distance from the
nucleus. |
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What is the binding energy of the inner shell compared to the outer shell
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Th e binding energy of outer-shell electrons is small and equal to approximately
several electron volts. Th e binding energy of inner-shell electrons is large, that is, thousands of electron volts (keV). |
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What happens to the K shell (inner shell) binding energy as the atomic energy increases
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it increases
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In order for a energetic particle to knock out an inner shell electron what must occur
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Energetic particles can knock out inner-shell electrons only if their energy is greater
than the electron binding energy. |
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What happens if there is a vacancy in the K shell (if a high energy particle knocked it out)
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-A vacancy in the K-shell will be filled by an electron from a higher shell. Electrons moving from an outer shell to an inner shell may emit excess energy as ectromagnetic radiation.
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What is electromagnetic radiation
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the transport of energy through space
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Define wavelength, amplitude, frequency and period
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Wavelength (λ) is the distance between successive crests of waves.
-Amplitude is the intensity defined by the height of the wave. -Frequency (f ) is the number of wave oscillations per unit of time expressed in cy-cles per second, or in hertz (Hz). -Th e period is the time required for one wavelength to pass (1/ f ) . |
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What are the units of frequency
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hertz
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What is the speed of electromagnetic radiation in a vacuum
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light 3 x 10^8
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What is the speed of an xray in a vacuum
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the speed of light
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What is the formula for the speed of an x-ray
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V= f x wavelength
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Is radiation a type of electromagnetic radiation
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yes
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Can electromagnetic radiation represents a transverse wave, in which the electric and
magnetic fields oscillate perpendicular to the direction of the wave motion. |
yes
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What does the electomagnetic spectra look like
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Do radiowaves have short or long wavelength
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long wavelengths
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Can a photon be thought of as a particle
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As a waver or Electromagnetic radiation can be considered quantized, meaning that it exists in discrete quantities of energy called photons
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Can a photon act as a wave or a particle
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yes
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What is photon energy directly proportional too
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frequency
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If the frequency is high will a photon have more energy
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yes
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What is the wavelength of an x ray
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in the magnetude 10^-10meters
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What is the formula for a photons energy
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Photon energy is E = h x f = h x ( c/ λ ) = 12.4/λ, where E is in keV, h is Planck's
constant, and λ is the wavelength in angstroms. |
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Energy of a photon can be written as E = h x f = h x ( c/ λ ) = 12.4/λ,
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yes
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What is the units of the energy of a photon
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keV
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What are 2 names of photon
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B y convention, photons are called x-rays if produced by electron interactions, and
gamma rays if produced in nuclear processes. |
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What is a photon called if it is produced by electron interaction
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x-ray
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What is a photon called if it is produced by a nuclear process
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gamma ray
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What happens to the X-ray beam intensity as it moves away from the tube
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it decreases bc of divergence of the X-ray beam
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How do you determine how much the X-ray beam has decreased as it moves away from the tube
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Th e decrease in intensity is proportional to the square of the distance from the
source and is an expression of energy conservation. |
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How much does the X-ray beam intensity decrease at 2 meters compared to 10meters
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Fo r example, doubling the distance from the x-ray source decreases the x-ray
beam intensity by a factor of 4; increasing the distance by a factor of 10 decreases the beam intensity by a factor of 100. |
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What is electric current
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Electric current is the rate of charge flow past a given point in an electric circuit, measured in Coulombs/second which is named Amperes
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