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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the steps for a reflex? (6 steps)
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1. Reflex is given
2. Receptor potential 3. Action potential 4. AP transmission 5. Synaptic transmisson 6. Muscle activity |
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The rest potential (Vmembrane) is at _____mV
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-70 mV
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Voutside = ?
Vmembrane = V_____ - V_____ |
Voutside = 0
Vmembrane = Vinside - Voutside |
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What is depolarisation?
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When the potential becomes less negative
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What is hyperpolarisation?
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When the potential becomes more negative
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Can charged particles pass the membrane?
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No
(e.g. Na, Cl, etc.) |
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Can small molecules and lipophilic particles pass the membrane?
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Yes
(e.g. O2, CO2, NH3 etc.) |
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What are the different possibilities of transport?
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Energy difference
Carrier Pump |
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What does the concentration gradient do?
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It enables the build-up of a potential
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What do the pumps do?
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They regulate the concentration gradient
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What is the Nernst potential?
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ENernst = -(RT/zF)ln([Ci]/[C0])
Where: R = universal gas constant T = absolute temperature F = Faraday's constant z = charge of ion |
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Ions can only pass the membrane through _______
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Ion channels
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What are the driving forces for ion channels?
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Concentration difference and potential difference
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What are the resting potentials for:
1. Ca 2. Na 3. Cl 4. K |
ECa = +120 mV
ENa = + 65 mV ECl = -70 mV Ek = -90 mV |
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What are the ratios of permeability for PK: PNa: PCl?
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1:0.04:0.45
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Vm in the rest state is determined mostly by the permeability of ___
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K
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What is Ohm's Law?
What is Kirchoff's Law? |
Ohm: I = V/R
Kirchoff = I1+I2 = I3+I4 |
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The conductivity (G) of the membrane is ________ to the number of ion channels
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Proportionate
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In rest, ions can only pass the membrane through _______________
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"Leak" channels, these are always open
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The ____________ of an ion determines the contribution to the rest potential, VR
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Relative conductance
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What keeps the concentration gradient going?
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Ion pumps
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Na and K are exchanged through a _________
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carrier-mediated transport system
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Active transports costs energy in the form of _____
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ATP
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Per cycle, _ K ions are transported ______ and _Na ions are transported ______ the membrane. Therefore, there is ____ charge transport.
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2, inside
3, outside net |
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What is the effect of ouabaine?
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It selectively inhibits the Na-K pump
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