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29 Cards in this Set

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  • Back
How is the pituitary gland (anterior and posterior) connected to the hypothalamus?
The posterior pituitary is anatomically connected to the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus releases neurohormones for storage in the posterior pituitary.

The anterior pituitary is connects by a series of capillaries. This is connected by the portal vein t
The posterior pituitary is anatomically connected to the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus releases neurohormones for storage in the posterior pituitary.

The anterior pituitary is connects by a series of capillaries. This is connected by the portal vein that runs from the hypothalamus. This is where the neurohormones are released and signals the anterior pituitary to release its hormones.
Where is oxytocin released?
Posterior pituitary
Name and describe a major function of oxytocin.
1. Child birth, positive feedback mechanism for contractions.

2. Mammary gland, contract muscles (myoepithelial) around alveoli (milk stores) to release milk.
Where is ADH (antidiuretic hormone) released?
Posterior Pituitary
What does ADH target? What does it do?
Target: Kidney

Reabsorption of water from kidney

Inhibits Diuresis (Production of urine)
What is ADH or antidiuretic hormone also called?
Vasopressin
What neurotransmitter inhibits prolactin secretion?
Dopamine
What is the major function of prolactin?
Stimulates mammary glands to produce milk.
What kind of structure do Luteinizing hormone and Follicle-stimulating hormone have?
Both are Glycoproteins
What is the function of FSH in females?
Stimulates oocytes to begin meiosis.
Promotes follicle growth around oocytes.

Generally only one egg will be released.
What is the function of Luteinizing Hormone in females?
Causes the follicle cells that remain to enlarge and for the corpus luteum (endocrine gland)
What are the 3 things released from the corpus luteum?
Estrogen, Progesterone, Inhibin
What is the function of inhibin in females? in males?
Inhibit the release of FSH and is produced by the corpus luteum in females

Inhibits FSH and is secreted by sertoli cells in Men
What hypothalamus neurohormone causes the release of FSH and LH?
GnRH, Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone
What are the roles of progesterone in females?
Stimulates the growth of the uterine lining and inhibits uterus contractions.
What regulates the release of GnRH in females?
Progesterone
What is the function of luteinizing hormone in males?
Production of testosterone, by the testes (specifically the Leydig Cells)
What is the function of FSH in males?
Targets the sertoli cells to release proteins for spermatogenesis.
What inhibits male sperm production (release of LH and FSH)?
Testosterone, it inhibits LH diretly and FSH by promoting inhibin release from sertoli cells.
What is Growth Hormone also called?
Somatotropin
How does GH increase blood glucose levels?
1. It promotes fat catabolism
2. Accelerates liver to convert glycogen stores to glucose
What factor triggers the hypothalamus to release somatostatin? What is the effect on the anterior pituitary?
IGF-1 release from the liver causes the hypothalamus to release somatostatin.

Somatostatin inhibits the anterior pituitary from releasing GH.
What triggers the release of Growth Hormone?
Growth hormone releasing factor
What does the Thyroid gland secrete after it is stimulated by Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)?
T4, thyroxine
T3, triiodothynine
Why does the liver convert T4 to T3?
T3 is more effective but is less stable
What are the functions of T3 and T4's?
Human development, growth, and metabolism
What is the target of ACTH?
Adrenal Glands
Glucocorticoids are steroids that are released due to ACTH, name one we talked about.
Cortisol
What controls the release of ACTH?
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)