Plant and Animal Cell Structure

No nucleus
DNA is generally in the center
nucleoid region.
simplest organisms
capsule in some bacteria protects cell from viral attack
Cell wall surrounds plasma membrane.
Other structures: Flagellum- extends from cell wall- aids in locomotion

Has a polar head and two non-polar (fatty acid tails).
non-polar heads are composed of fatty acids (water insoluble)
interior of lipid bi-layer is completely non-polar
No water can cross the membrane

Soup like fluid filling the inside of the plasma membrane.

Structure: phospholipid bi-layer with proteins scattered within it.

a plasma membrane forms the boundry of a cell.
ALL cells have a plasma membrane. Plasma membrane regulates what comes in/out of a cell.
Controls the permeability of the cell to H2O (water) and dissolved substances

is found in the interior of the lipid bi-layer.
helps to maintain the flexibility (fluidity) of the membrane.

Allow for certain substances to enter / leave a cell (Aqua Porin)

Act as markers to identify particular cells or as beacons to bind specific hormones or proteins to a cells surface. Proteins are embedded within the lipid bi-layer

Are larger and more complex than Prokayotic Cells.

a.) Have a true nucleus

b.)DNA is contained in nucleus.

c.) membrane bound organelle

Example: Animal Cells, Plant Cells , Fungi and Protista

States the importance of cells to life.

1.) All organisms are comprised of one or more cells.
2.) Cells are the smallest "living" thing.
3.) Cells only arise by the division of previously existing cells.

A lipid bi-layer with embedded proteins that encase the cytoplasm.

Semifluid matrix that contains the nucleus and organelles (specialized structures in a cell).

"Power house of the cell" Organelle that transforms stored energy in food into usable energy for the cell.

A network of protein fibers that support organelles and cell shape. Play a roe in movement.

tubes in cytoplasm (centrioles, cilia, and flagella)

intertwined fibers in cytoskeleton that provide strength and support

Twisted protein fibers in the cytoskeleton all for movement.

"Command Center of Cell"
Membrane bound compartment for DNA that gives Eukaryotes their name- "True Nut".

Site where Ribosomes are produced.

Double membrane around/between the nucleus and cytoplasm

Opening in nuclear envelope that regulates passage in/out of the nucleus

Small complexes of RNA and proteins that are the site of protein synthesis

# 6 Endoplasmic Membrane(3 Parts)
Asystem of internal membranes that aids in the manufacture of carbohydrates and lipids

An internal membrane embedded with ribosomes that produce proteins

Collects, packages, and distributes molecules manufactured in the cells ER, replenishes cell membrane

"The recycling center"
Vesicles (membrane bound sacs) that contain enzymes that break down macromolecules and old cell components. Particles that a cell has ingested are also digested

Vesicles that isolate certain types of chemical reactions H O (Hydrogen Peroxide)

( In plants and Fungi)
Outer layer that provides support. (Made of cellulose in plants, chitin in fungi)

Assembly of microtubules in animal cells (not plants or fungi) that function in cell division.

States that some organelles evolved from a symbiosis in which one cell of a prokaryotic species was engulfed by and lived inside of a cell of another species of prokaryote.

Organelles that contain their own DNA , that is different from that in the nucleus

In plants and some Protists- the site for photosynthesis (conversion of energy from the sun to food)

in plants, a storage compartment for water, sugars, ions and pigments.

Tonoplast is a membrane surrounding the " " vacuole

Plant cell cytoplasm streams moving through the openings in the cell wall. Function in cell communication.

The engulfing of substances outside of the cell, forming a vesicle that brings the substance into the cell. (particulate of a solid or liquid matter brought in)

The discharge of substances from vesicles at the cell surface (moving out of the cell)

Processes that do not require energy.

Processes that require energy

transmembrane protein that allows water in /out of cell.

Allows cells to control specifically what enters/leaves the cell.
* involves different proteins in membrane for transporting different substances across cell wall. *

The net movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration.

when a substance moves from areas of higher concentration to lower concentration, it iais to be moving down its....

The net movement of water across a membrane toward the side with "less free water"(water molecules not bound to a solute.)

The concentration of all molecules in a solution is called the

A solution with a higher solute concentration is said to be...

A solution with a lower solute concentration is said to be...

If the concentration of the solutions is equal they are considered....

The process of engulfing material and the plasma membrane forming a vesicle is... * Can be either solid or liquid *

The discharge of material from vesicles at the cell surface is called... *hormones, oils *

The transport of molecules across a membrane by carrier proteins in the direction of lowest concentration is called...

Requires Energy and uses protein channels to move in/out of cell.

Uses energy from ATP to pump three NA (sodiums) out of a cell