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15 Cards in this Set

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What is the Big Bang?
ANSWER: Theory that the universe was created by a massive explosion. Following the explosion, protons & neutrons began to form, as well as atoms of hydrogen & helium and the first known conversion of energy into matter was completed.
What would have happened if the universe had expanded too rapidly?
ANSWER: Only hydrogen would have formed.
What would have happened if theuniverse had expanded at a slower rate?
ANSWER: More complex elements would have had time to form, and the universe would today be made up of mostly heavy elements.
Which elements were the first to form after the Big Bang and why?
ANSWER: Hydrogen & helium formed because of the rate of expansion.
What are galaxies doing in an expanding universe?
ANSWER: Moving away from each other.
What is the Doppler Effect?
ANSWER: An apparent change in wavelength of any wave motion caused by the relative position of an observer versus the wave source.
During the normal life of a star, where does the energy and heat come from?
ANSWER: From the conversion of hydrogen into helium.
When did iron begin to form in the universe?
ANSWER: After the formation of the lighter elements
When do some astronomers believe that the Big Bang occurred?
ANSWER: 20 billion years ago
What color is the spectrum of a galaxy that is moving away from the Earth?
ANSWER: Red--longer wavelengths of the spectrum
What two factors determine whether a planet retains an atmosphere?
ANSWER: A planet's ability to retain an atmosphere depends on its mass and temperature.
How does chemical differentiation work?
ANSWER: Heavier elements move toward the core, and the lighter elements move toward the surface.
What is the protosun?
ANSWER: The material that eventually became the sun.
How do terrestrial and Jovian planets differ from each other?
ANSWER: Jovian planets have very think gaseous atmospheres, while the terrestrial planets have very thin atmospheres.
What are Jovian planets mainly composed of?
ANSWER: Water, carbon dioxide, ammonia, and methane.