Praxis Study Cards 2

The study of the geographical distribution of organisms. The distribution of organisms on the Earth is explainable by assuming that related forms evolved in one locale then they diversified as they spread out into other accessible areas.

Structures that are anatomically similar because they are inherited from a common ancestor

These are not always constructed similarly and they don't share a common ancestry

He was a zoologist who was the first to classify animals by comparative anatomy. He also founded the science of palentology. He was a catastrphist, which believed that mass castastrophes occurred. The result of these events caused changes over time

Lamarck was the first biologist to believe that evolution does occur and to link diversity with adaptation to the environment. He studied invertebrates. He supported the idea that the environment can bring about inherited change

The Earth was subject to slow but continuous cycles of erosion and uplift.

Evolutionary changes within a population, which is all the members of a single species occupying a particular area

1.No mutations
2.No gene flow
3.Random mating
4.No genetic drift
5.No selection

Changes in allele frequencies of a gene pool due to chance. Some species may have a fixed allele because of chance.

After a natural disaster occurs individuals who stay and "stick it out" are prevented from producing the next generation because their alleles are very similar

Origin of new species due to the evolutionary process of descent with modification

Rare or combinations of alleles occur at a higher frequency in a population isolated from the general population

The movement of alleles between populations by migration of breeding individuals

Mutations cause many gene loci to have multiple alleles. Recombination of these alleles increases the possibility of favorable phenotypes

Inbreeding

Individuals tend to mate with those that have the same phenotype of a certain characteristic

Males compete for the right to reproduce, and females choose to mate with males that have a particular phenotype

competition, predation, and parasitism

weather depending on temperature and precipitation

Process that results in adaptation of a population to the biotic and abiotic environments

1. Variation
2. Inheritance
3. Differential adaptiveness
4. Differential reproduction

An extreme phenotype is favored, and be distribution curve shifts in that direction

Occurs when an intermediate phenotype is favored. Adaptation is constant usually

Two or more phenotypes are favored over any intermediate phenotype

The acquisition of the same or similar characters in distantly related lines of descent

The accumulation of differences between groups which can lead to the formation of new species

Probably 10 billion years old

1. Behavioral isolation - many animals have courtship patterns that allow males and females to recognize one another
2. Mechanical isolation - when animal genitalia or plant floral structures are incompatible, reproduction cannot occur
3. Hybrid sterility - the hybrid zygote may develop into a sterile adult

after the formation of a zygote

Origin of new species between populations that are separated geographically. This creates a barrier between other subspecies and some of the species don't mate because they are so genetically different

A population develops into two or more reproductively isolated groups without prior geographic isolation. 2 different wheat species create one that isn't compatible with parents so it can only reproduce with its own kind

This is a form of adaptive radiation in which several species evolve from a common ancestor into new ecological or geographical zones

To find common ancestors and lines of descent between organisms

1. Habitat loss
2. Colonization
3. Agriculture
4. Accidental transport
5. Pollution
6. Overexploitation