Principles of antimicrobials and antineoplastic pharmacology

dihydropteroate synthase inhibitors used for susceptible vaginal infections, toxoplasmosis, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, shigellosis, traveler's diarrhea, UTI, granuloma inguinale, acute otitis media

side effects: kernicterus in newborns, crystalluria, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, hepatic failure, GI disturbance, rash

contraindication: infants less than 2 mo, pregnant women, breastfeeding, megaloblastic anemia due to folate deficiency

dihydropteroate synthase inhibitor used for leprosy, dermatitis herpatiformis, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia

contraindications: G6PD deficiency

dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor used for UTI

side effects: Stevens-Johnson syndrome, leukopenia, megaloblastic anemia, rash, pruritis

megaloblastic anemia due to folate deficiency

dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor used for toxoplasmosis and malaria

side effects: Stevens-Johnson syndrome, leukopenia, megaloblastic anemia, rash

Contraindications: megaloblastic anemia due to folate deficiency

dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor used in many tumor types, autoimmune diseases, and early stage ectopic pregnancy

side effects: myelosuppression, liver failure, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, mucous membrane inflammation, hepatic cirrhosis, kidney disease, interstitial pulmonary disease, hyperuricemia, GI disturbances, stomatitis, alopecia, photosensitivity, rash

Contraindications: pregnancy, breastfeeding, alcoholism, alcoholic liver disease, chronic liver disease, preexisting blood dyscrasia, or laboratory evidence of immunodeficiency syndrome