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20 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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a theory of forgetting that posits that memories consist of traces laid down in the brain that gradually deteriorate and fade away over time (also called trace theory)
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decay theory
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a method of testing memory retention by comparing the numbers of trials needed to learn material with the number of trials needed to relearn the material at a later time
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savings method
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the tendency for retention of learned material to be greater with spaced practice than with massed practice
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massed vs. spaced practice effect
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the belief that forgetting is the result of the interference of memories with each other
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interference theory
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a form of interference in which newly acquired information interferes with retention of material learened earlier
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retroactive interference
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a form of interference in which material learned earlier interferes with retention of newly acquired information
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proactive interference
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practice repeated beyond the point necessary to reproduce material without error
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everlaearning
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the tendency to recall items at the start or end of a list better than items in the middle of a list
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serial position effect
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the tendency to recall items better when they are learned first
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primacy effect
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the tendency to recall items better when they are learned last
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recency effect
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the belief that forgetting is the result of a failure to access stored memories
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retrieval theory
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an experience in which people are sure they know something but can't seem to bring it to mind
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tip-of -the-tongue (TOT) phenomenon
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in Freudian thory, a type of defense mechanism involving motivated forgetting of anxiety-evoking material
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repression
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a memory task, such as an essay test, requiring retrieval of stored information with minimal cues available
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recall task
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a method of measuring memory retention that assesses the ability to select the correct answer from among a range of alternative answers
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recognition task
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loss of memory
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amnesia
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loss of memory of past events
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retrograde amnesia
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loss or impairmaent of the ability to form or store new memories
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anterograde amnesia
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the normal occurrence of amnesia for events occurring during infancy and early childhood
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childhood amnesia
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the normal occurrence of amnesia for events occurring during infancy and early childhood
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childhood amnesia
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