Psych 101 ch 5-7 Flash Cards

Study Save to My Flashcards Offline Study Print Export to file

Play Memory | Create Card File | Append to Card File

Card Set Properties

Title:	Psych 101 ch 5-7
Description:	entry psych
Number of Cards:	67
Save Count:	0
Author:	mookyman119
Created:	2011-12-07
Tags:	101 psych
Private	No

Save Count represents the number of people who have saved this card set to their flashcard list. Consider this an endorsement!

- Question
- Answer
- Side 3

- what is it to be conscious
- to be aware of external and internal stimuli
- how is consciousness measured
- through EEG
  stage 1: theta waves: light sleep
  2: thata waves: light sleep
  3: slow wave sleep: deep sleep
  4: delta waves: very deep
  5 alpha and beta: REM
- cycles of stages in sleep
- repeat 4-5 times
  REM starts off slow and gets progressively longer
- theories of sleep?
- energy conservation
  protection against predators
  restores bodily resources
  *multipurposed
- what are 5 sleep disorders
- insomnia: difficulty falling and remaing asleep
  narcolepsy: sudden onsets of sleep
  sleep apnea: frequent gasping for air that wakes person up
  hypersonia: excessive sleepiness
  somnambulism: sleepwalking
- theories of dreams? (names too)
- Freud: wish fufillment
  cartwright: work through problems
  hobson: activation synthesis
- what is hypnosis? what is ts characteristics?
- roleplaying: people pretend to be in another state
  altered state of conciousness: split mental into the processes (devided conciousness
- meditation
- train to heighten awareness, alpha and theta waves increase
- what are the 2 types of drug dependance
- physical: take drug to avoid withdrawal illness
  psychological: take drug to satisfy mental and emotional craving
  all drugs increase DA activity
- narcotics: effects, med usage
- euphoria and relaxation.
  opiate family
  ex. morphine, heroin
- sedatives: effects, med usage
- sleep inducing drugs
  barbituates
  effects: euphoria, relaxation
- stimulants:effects, med usage
- drugs that increase central nervous system activation and behavioral activity
  ex. cocaine, caffeine
- Clasical conditioning?
  - components
  - pavlov
  - acquisition
- type of learning in which stimulus evokes response that originally evoked by another
  US --> UR
  CS --> CR
  short delayed presentation is best
- what is operant conditioning?
  - shaping
- response is followed by reinforcement or punishment
  shaping is full change over time.
  Skinner train animals
- what are the schedule of reinforcemtents
- Fixed ratio
  variable ratio
  fixed interval
  variable interval
- latent learning?
  rescoria
  tolman
- learning that isn't apparent from behavior when it occurs
  tolman and rat maze with 10th time reward
  rescoria= rats getting shocked
- higher order conditoning?
- CS functions as a UCS
- major factors of encoding
- attention
  levels of processing:
  stuctural
  phonetic
  semantic
  
  elaboration- linking stimulus to something else
  
  visual imagery
  dual coding theory
- types of memory
- sensory= .25 seconds, large capacity
  
  short term/working= 10-20 sec. capacity 7 +/- 2
  
  long term: unlimited, indefinete duration, flashbulb memories
  
  declarative= explicit info
  procedural: action, skill, implicit
- how are shemas used to organize info?
- organized cluster of knowledge about an object
- anterograde vs retrograde amnesia
- antereograde: cant remember after surgery
  
  retrograde: can't remember before the surgery
- who is HM and why is he important?
- had severy epilepsy and after surgery his long term memory was ruined
  had antero amnesia
  medial temporal lobe was affected
- forgetting:
  how do we measure it?
  why do people forget?
- recall
  recognigiton
  relearning
  
  encoding specificity principle
- cephalocaudal
  proximodistal
- cephalocaudal: head to foot direction of motor development
  
  proximodistal: center-outward direction of motor development
- emotional development
- 2-3 months: smile + laugh
  7 months: fear + stranger anxiety
- attachment styles
- secure: play, upset when leaves, happy when returns
  resistant: upset even when she returns
  avoidant: aren't stressed when mom leaves/returns
- jean piaget cognitive theory
- sensory motor- lack of object permanence
  
  preoperational- concrete irrevesibility, egocentrism, lack of conservation
  
  concrete operationa: masters conservation
  
  foraml operational: mental abstract ideas
- kygotsky socialcultural theory
- social interaction is important
  influence cognitive development abilities
  language is important
- kohlbergs stage theory
- moral development theory
  preconventional- actos of authority
  conventional- determine what is right and wrong
  postconventional- based on societies justice system
- mischel and buss views of personality
- mischel: no, personality is based on the situation
  
  buss: yes, adaptive, crucial for attracting mates
- the big 5
- Openness
  Conscientiousness
  Extraversion
  Agreeableness
  Neuroticism
- Frued and personality
- sturcture divided into:
  ID: instinct
  Ego: decision making
  Superego: moral
- Freud defense mechanisms
- repression
  regression
  projection
  displacement
  sublimiation
- adler and personality
- superiority is primary motivation
  inferiority complex
- erik erikson and personality
- 8 stage theory, psychosocial, personality develops and changes over time
- humanistic and personality (maslow)
- hierarchy of needs: physiological, survival, affillation, achievement, knowledge, order, realization.
- humanistic and personality (carl rogers and self person centered theory)
- everyone has a subjective selfconcept
  if self doesnt equal reality it is an incongruence and causes stress
- behaviorism: skinner and bandura
- skinner: focused on observable theory
  
  bandura: observational learning, emphasized self efficacy
- biological: hans eysenck
- Psychoticism
  Extraversion
  Neuroticism
- criteria for abnormal behavior
- devieance, dysfunction, distress
- DSM-IV-TR and 5 axes
- apa published diagnostic manual
  
  I: clinical syndromes
  II: more permanent discases
  III: physical problems
  IV: environmental issues
  V: 1-100
- anxiety disorders
  subtypes:
  - symptoms, features, etiology
- generalized anxiety
  phobic
  panic
  ocd
  post traumatic
  
  associative features: 2/3 females
- somatoform disorders
  subtypes:
  - symptoms, features, etiology
- body issues due to psyhological factors
  somatization: diverse physical complaint
  conversion: loss of function in organ
  hypochondriasis: preoccupation of getting sick
- dissociative disorders
  subtypes:
  - symptoms, features, etiology
- separation of conciousness and memory
  dissociative amnesia: sudden loss of memory extensive personal info
  dissociative fugue: lose memory of entire live and sense of identity
  identity disorder: coexistence of one person/multiple personalities
- mood disorders
  subtypes:
  - symptoms, features, etiology
- major depressive disorders: sadness, weight loss, faigue
  bipolar disorder: manic depressive disorder, euphoria
  
  features: depression: more females
  
  bipolar: no diff
- schizophrenia
  subtypes:
  - symptoms, features, etiology
- delusions, hallucination, disorganized speech(positive)
  flattening, alogia, avolition (negative)
  
  - paranoid
  - catatonic: disturbed stupor + excite
  - disorganized
  - Undifferentiated
- stemberg vs hatfield and berscheid
- hatfield and bersheld: two types of love: passionate and companionate
  
  stemberg: love has 3 facets:
  pasionate, companionate (intimacy, commitment)
- attributions: types and biases
- inferences that people draw about causes of events
  internal: personal disposition
  external: external cause
- fundamental attribution error:
- observer bias in favor of internal
- self-serving bias
- attribute ones succes to internal and failure to external
- confirmation bias
- tendency to look for examples that support our POV
- illusory correlation:
- people estimate they've encountered mor confirmations of an association of social traits than theyve actually seen
- percieved outgroup homogeneity
- we have tendency to see those outside of our group as being more simlar to each other shile we notice differences with in our group
- cognative schemas:
- cluster of ideas:
  stereotypes
  prejudice
  discrimination
- what factors plya role in forming impressions
- physical appearance: talle, normal weight, good posture, well dressed, good eye contact
- factors with increasing love
- physical attractiveness
  simularity (age, race, religion, education)
  reciprocity effect- you like me i liky you
- is romantic love necesary
- pasionate love = western countires
  
  triangle of ( intimacy, passion, commitment)
- persuasion:
  festinger
  central v peripheral insights
- credibilty, trustworthyness, likabilkty
  message: two sided argument
  reciever: initial attitude
  
  festinger: dissonancer theory cog. dissonance leads to attitude change
  - contradicting leads to uncomfort --> change in attitude
  
  1$ vs 20$ experiment
- elaboration likelihood model
- two routes to persuation
  central: people pnder about message (more durable)
  peripheral: depends on nonmessage factors
- what is an attitude why is it helpful
- positive or negative evaluations of abjects of thought
  3 components: cognitive, affective, behavioral
  
  formed through learning
- conformity and asch
- people yield to real or imagined social pressure
  
  asch: had different sized lines and you had to pick the right one... 37% conformed
  
  groupsize and group unanimity = important
- obedience and milgram
- people follow direct commands from someone in authority
  
  mulgram: electric box experiment, 26/40 administered 30 levels of shock
- zimbardo's stanford prison simulation
- 24 students separated into guards and prisoners
  prisoners were taunted and humiliated
  
  social roles are shared expectations of how people are supposed to behave
  behavior due to power of situational factors
- bystander effect
- people less likely to provide help when in a group setting vs. alone
- social loafing
- reduction in effect when working in groups vs compared to vorking alone
- group think
- group discussion stengthens dominant poin of view and produces shift towards something more extreme
- group polarization
- members emphasize concurrence at the expense of critical thinking
  
  mindguard, direct pressure, group cohesiveness