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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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need to belong
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motivation to bond with others in a relationships that provide ongoing positive interactions
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proximity
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geographical nearness, (functional distance powerfully predicts liking)
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mere-exposure effect
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tendency for novel stimuli to be liked more or rated more positively after the rater has been repeatedly exposed to them
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implicit egotism
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we like what we associate with ourselves
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matching phenomenon
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tendency of men and women to "match up" traits including attractiveness and wealth
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physical-attractiveness stereotype
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presumption that physically attractive people possess other socially desirable traits as well: What is beautiful is good
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complementarity
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popularly supposed tendency, in a relationship btwn two people, for each to complete what is missing in the other
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ingratiation
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use of strategies, such as flattery, by which people seek to gain another's favor
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reward theory of attraction
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theory that we like those whose behavior is rewarding to us or whom we associate with rewarding events
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passionate love
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a state of intense longing for union with another, lovers absorbed in each other
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two-factor theory of emotion
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arousal X its label = emotion
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companionate love
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affection we feel for those with whom our lives are deeply interwined
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secure attachment
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attachments rooted in trust and marked by intimacy
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preoccupied attachment
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attachments marked by a sense of one's own unworthiness and anxiety, ambivalence, and possessiveness
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dismissive attachment
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an avoidant relationshipstyle marked by distrust of others
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fearful attachment
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an avoidant relationship style marked by fear of rejection
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equity
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a condition in which the outcomes people receive from a relationship are proportional to what they contribute to it
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self-disclosure
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revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others
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disclosure reciprocity
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tendency for one person's intimacy of self-disclosure to match that of a conversational partner
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altruism
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a motive to increase another's welfare without conscious regard for one's self-interests
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social-exchange theory
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theory that human interactions are transactions that aim to maximize one's rewards and minimize one's costs
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egoism
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a motive to increase one's own welfare, the opposite of altruism, which aims to increase another's welfare
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reciprocity norm
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an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them
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social capital
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mutual support and cooperation enabled by a social network
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social-responsibility norm
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expectation that people will help those needing help
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kin selection
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idea that evolution has selected altruism towards one's close relatives to enhance the survival of mutually shared genes
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empathy
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vicarious experience of another's feelings, putting yourself in another's shoes
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bystander effect
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finding that a person is less likely to provide help when there are other bystanders
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door-in-the-face technique
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a strategy for gaining a concession, Big offer-rejection-
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moral exclusion
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perception of certain individuals or groups as outside the boundary w/in which one applies moral values and rules of fairness. Moral inclusion is regarding others as within one's circle of moral concern.
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overjustification effect
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result of bribing people to do what they already like doing; they may then see their actions as externally controlled rather than intrinsically appealing
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adaption-level phenomenon
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tendency to adapt to a given level of stimulation and thus to notice and react to changes from that level
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social comparison
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evaluating one's abilities and opinions by comparing oneself with others
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PREE
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extinction slower after training with partial reinforcement schedules
STANDS FOR: |
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What did Hull and Thorndike suggest we learned in instrumental conditioning?
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Stimulus-Response relationship
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What did Tolman think we learned in instrumental conditioning?
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Response-Outcome relationship
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Rats learn response-outcome relationships
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Rescorla and Codwill study with rats toggling right vs toggling left and food pellet versus sugar water
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Rats learn hierarchal relationships
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Describe experiment here
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Bliss point
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extent to which the organism would engage in the behaviors in a completely unconstrained environment
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Who developed the minimum deviation model?
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Staddon
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What does the minimum deviation model suggest motivates learning when you are faced with an instrumental training program?
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minimizing the distance to the bliss point
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What theory of motivation did Timberlake and Allison propose?
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Response Deprivation Hypothesis
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