• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Front

How to study your flashcards.

Right/Left arrow keys: Navigate between flashcards.right arrow keyleft arrow key

Up/Down arrow keys: Flip the card between the front and back.down keyup key

H key: Show hint (3rd side).h key

image

PLAY BUTTON

image

PLAY BUTTON

image

Progress

1/49

Click to flip

Card Range To Study

through

49 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Involuntary, jerky arrhythmic movements that intensify with stress is known as?
Chorea
Involuntary, jerky arrhythmic movements that intensify with stress is associated with which cognitive disorder?

a. Huntington's Disease
b. Parkinson's disease
c. Pick's Disease
d. C-J Disease
Huntington's Disease
This kind of cognitive disorder causes dementia that has no aphasia, agnosia, or apraxia, but has memory deficits, slowed thinking, attention problems and deficient judgment.
Huntington's Disease
uncontrollable ,hyperkinetic, memory loss, paranoia, irritability, attention probems, deficient judgment, and slowed thinking are signs and symptoms or the progression of which cognitive disorder?
Huntington's Disease
Select all that applies for Pick's disease:
a. autopsy presents atrophy of frontotemporal regions
b. Atrophy of parietaltemporal regions
c. More personality changes than A.D.
d. more disorientation and memory loss than in AD.
e. more in men of first-degree relative
Answers:

a. autopsy presents atrophy of frontotemporal regions
c. More personality changes than A.D.
e. more in men of first-degree relative

Rationale for the other incorrect options:
Atrophy of parietaltemporal regions is found in AD
Pick's has less disorientation and memory loss than in AD.
What is prion?
Protein-like agent that can cause rare, rapidly progressive and ultimately fatal results in Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease.
What are the 3 stages of progression in Creutzfeldt-Jakob (C-J disease)?
1. Mental abnormalities to rapidly deteriorating dementia
2. Jerking, seizure-like activity, ataxia, dysarthria ohter cerebellar signs, EPS, sensory disruption & seizures
3. Coma marks final phase & clients die from infections and respiratory problems.
What condition causes dementia that impairs memory retrieval and executive function, but does not impair language capabilities?
Parkinson's.
How can you distinguish Lewy Body Disease and AD?
Lewy body disease clients have significant adverse reactions to antipsychotic drugs.
How can you differientate between Lewy Body disease N AD?
- Lewy body disease has earlier and more prominent visual hallucinations, parkinsonian features and disturbed behaviors.
- Lewy inclusion bodies in cerebral cortex.
What is the most common form of dementia, especially most common in men over 85?
Vascular dementia
How can vascular dementia be diagnosed?
CT & MRI
T/F:
Vascular dementia progress faster and more fluctuating than AD
True
Vascular dementia progress faster and more fluctuating than AD
T/F
Vascular dementia has stroke-like s/s (e.g. headache, limb paralysis, general dementia signs)
True
Vascular dementia has stroke-like s/s (e.g. headache, limb paralysis, general dementia signs)
Risk factors of vascular dementia?
risk factors of vascular dementia are parallel to stroke: HTN, smoking, hyperlipidemia, A-fib, DM
T/F
There is not treatment that can help delay the onset and reduce c/s of HIV/AIDS dementia.
False.
Antiretroviral drugs to tx HIV/AIDS can delay onset and reduce s/s
Select all that apply to HIV dementia:
a. more frequently seen in younger population
b. occurs in 75% in HIV pts
c. s/s: headache, cognitive decline, vision changes, neuropathies that signal CNS involvement.
d. unpredictable mental deterioration
e. Intermittent memory loss, increased executive function.
f. Judgement is NOT affected
Answers:

a.more frequently seen in younger population
b. occurs in 75% in HIV pts
c. c. s/s: headache, cognitive decline, vision changes, neuropathies that signal CNS involvement

Rationale for incorrect options:
d. HIV dementia results in PREDICTABLE mental deterioration, not unpredictable.
e. => Daily (not intermittent) memory loss and confusion, and decreased (NOT increased) executive function.
f. Judgment is affected as it will lead to poor judgment.
What are executive functions of the brain?
reasoning, planning, self-control, and abstract thought.
This plant can help increase blood supply, reduces blood viscosity, modifies neurotransmitters and reduces density of O2-free radicals, but its efficacy in improving memory is inconclusive.
Gingko biloba
Name the stage (mild, moderate, or severe) of AD accordingly:
The client frequently repeats himself, regularly misplaces articles, can't recall familiar words
Mild
Name the stage of AD (mild, mod, or severe) accordingly:

- the client withdraws from formerly enjoyed activites, is aware of and frustrated with own "forgetfullness"
Mild
Name the stage of AD (mild, mod, or severe) accordingly:

- changes of client is not readily apparent to others and are often denied or excused by family
Mild
Name the stage of AD (mild, mod, or severe) accordingly:

- decreased ability to carry out ADLs.
Moderate
Name the stage of AD (mild, mod, or severe) accordingly:

- encounters difficulty finding way around neighborhood and home
Mod
Name the stage of AD (mild, mod, or severe) accordingly:

- disoriented to time and place
mod
Name the stage of AD (mild, mod, or severe) accordingly:

- shows disruptive behaviors (pacing, wandering)
mod
Name the stage of AD (mild, mod, or severe) accordingly:

- hallucinations, delusions
Mod
Name the stage of AD (mild, mod, or severe) accordingly:

- can't perform complex motor activities
Mod
Name the stage of AD (mild, mod, or severe) accordingly:

- problems with visual perception (susceptible to accidents)
Mod
Name the stage of AD (mild, mod, or severe) accordingly:

- needs supervision frequently & has temperament fluctuations
Mod
Name the stage of AD (mild, mod, or severe) accordingly:

- deterioration is apparent to friends and family
Mod
Name the stage of AD (mild, mod, or severe) accordingly:

- Lost capacity for self-care and use of language
Severe
Name the stage of AD (mild, mod, or severe) accordingly:

- minimal long-term memory
Severe
Name the stage of AD (mild, mod, or severe) accordingly:

- must have 24/7 care
Severe
What are the "4 A's" in dementia? (in class notes)
- Amnesia
- Aphasia
- Apraxia
- Agnosia
What is amnestic disorder?
memory impairment (inability to learn, to recall)
Which of the following clients has dementia? Select all that apply

a. Patients that has acute onset (hours to day) confusion
b. Patient that has confabulations or preservation.
c. Patient that has visual, tactile hallucinations.
d. Patient that gives you "don't know" answers
Answers:

b. Patient that has confabulations or preservation.
e. Patient that gives you "near miss" answers

Rationale for the incorrect options:
a. Patients that has acute onset (hours to day) confusion = delirium. Dementia has a gradual and progressive onset.
c. Patient that has visual, tactile hallucinations. <-- delirium
d. Patient that gives you "don't know" answers <--- might indicates client is depressed, not demented. Demented clients usually gives you "near miss" answers
What is sundowning?
Most changes become pronounced after sunset, become more irritable and suspicious and misinterpret visual or auditory cues, illusions, hallucinations.
Hallmark pathologic features of AD?
neurofibrillary tangles & beta-amyloid plaques in brain (only definitely Dx after death)
Most used drug for AD & its action?
donepezil (Aricept): delays progression of dementia for 6-12 months. It increases acetolcholine by decreasing binding sites of the enzyme that breaks AcH down.
Tacrin (Cognex) and Rivastigmine are no longer used because?
Tacrin (Cognex) can cause liver toxicity and Rivastigmine can lead to cardiac complications.
T/F

donepezil (Aricept) increases anticholineric s/e
False

donepezil (Aricept) increases cholineric s/e (nausea, diarrhea, insomnia)
What is the hallmark of amnestic disorder?
short term memory loss
Which of the following is appropriate for modifying environment for AD clients? Select all that apply

a. controll light
b. institute routines and simplifying choices
c. Adapt to the patient's usual schedule of bathing
d. Walk with the client if the client is wandering
e. Redirect or distract the client if she is acting out.
All of the answers are right

a. controll light (may decrease hallucinations and illusions)
b. institute routines and simplifying choices (help easily confused client)
c. Adapt to the patient's usual schedule of bathing
d. Walk with the client if the client is wandering
e. Redirect or distract the client if she is acting out.
What nursing care below is inappropriate?
a. Break tasks into very small steps.
b. Speak loudly and in a face-to-face position
c. All the client to have familiar objects around him/her
d. All of the options above are all appropriate
Answer: B

Nurse should speak slowly and in a face to face position. Options A & C are correct.
S/S of Wernicke-Korsakoff?
- Ataxia, confusion, paralysis of some ocular motor muscles
- difficulty with recent memory learning new info
What is transient amnestic disorder?
memory impairment that lasts for 1 month of less.
What is chronic amnestic disorder?
more than 1 month.
What are the components of cognition?
orientation, attention, memory, vocabulary, calculation ability, and abstract thinking