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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What type of brain waves while alert?
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Beta Waves
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What type of brain waves while relaxed?
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Alpha Waves
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What type of brain waves while in stage 1?
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Theta Waves
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What type of brain waves while in stage 2?
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Spindles (bursts of activity)
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What type of brain waves while in stage 3?
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Deep non-REM (delta and theta waves)
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What type of brain waves while in stage 4 sleep?
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Deep non-REM (delta waves)
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How do we navigate through space in our minds?
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By mental imagery, creating a mental map of how we get to certain locations.
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What is a concept?
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Ideas that represent a class or category of objects, events, or activitys.
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What are formal concepts?
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Concepts that are defined by specific rules or features.
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What are Natural concepts?
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Concepts people form as a result of their experiences in the world.
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What are the major barriers to problem solving?
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Functional fixedness, mental set, confirmation bias.
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What is functional fixedness?
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a block to problem solving that comes from thinking about objects in terms of only their typical functions.
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What is mental set?
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the tendency for people to persist in using problem solving patterns that have worked for them in the past.
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What is confirmation bias?
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The tendency to search for evidence that fits ones beliefs while ignoring any evidence that does not fit those beliefs.
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What is convergent thinking?
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type of thinking in which a problem is seen as having only one answer, and all lines of thinking will eventually lead to that single answer.
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What is divergent thinking?
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Type of thinking in which a person starts from one point and comes up with many different ideas or possibilities based on that point.
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What is an algorithm?
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Very specific, step by step procedures for solving certain types of problems.
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What is a heuristic?
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an educated guess based on prior experiences that helps narrow down the possible solutions for a problem. (rule of thumb)
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What is divergent thinking?
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type of thinking in which a person starts from one point and comes up with many different ideas or possibilities based on that point.
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What is extrinsic motivation?
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A type of motivation in which a person performs an action because it leads to an outcome that is separate from or external to the person.
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What is intrinsic motivation?
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type of motivation in which a person performs an action because the act itself is rewarding or satisfying in some internal manner.
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What is drive reduction theory?
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An approach to motivation that assumes behavior arises from physiological needs that cause internal drives to push the organism to satisfy the need to reduce tension and arousal.
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What is primary drive?
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Those drives that involve needs of the body such as hunger and thirst.
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What drives come from learning or experience?
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Secondary drives, need for achievement, need for affiliation, need for power
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What is internal locus of control?
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People who assume their own actions and decisions directly affect their consequences.
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What is External locus of control?
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People who assume that their lives are more controlled by powerful others, luck, or fate.
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What does the arousal theory suggest?
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The theory in which people are said to have optimal level of tension that they seek to maintain by increasing or decreasing stimulation.
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What is the James Lange theory of emotion?
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A stimulus creates a psychological response then leads to labeling the emotion.
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What are the three elements of emotion?
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A certain physical arousal, certain behavior that reveals the feeling to the outside world, and an inner awareness of feelings.
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What is the sequence in cognitive arousal?
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both physiological arousal and the actual interpretation of that arousal must occur before the emotion itself is experienced.
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What is the sequence in meditational arousal?
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the cognitive component of emotion precedes both the physiological reaction and the emotion itself.
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